- ; 1 2 (. 2). 1 > 2.
D = 1 - 2 . , . , w . , w< w.
. 2
(), Q () w ( ).
. (1.6)
(1.6) u , , (m=1). , () Q w, ..
. (1.7)
, .
V V . dx (. 2). dt . dV, , :
dV= Q*dt - ;
dV= w*dx*m - dx;
Q*dt= wdxm
V= mV. (1.8)
, (1.8) (1.6) (1.7)
(1856 .), DH=H1- H2 Q w.(. 3).
. 3
: ( ) (), ..
(1.9)
- , , ;
H1 H2 - ( ).
V2/2g . = Z+P/g, Z - , P/g = P/rg - .
, - ,
, (1.10)
(1.11)
i- , , .. [c]=/
- ( ):
, (1.12)
k- , ;
- ;
g= rg - ;
= g - ( ) ;
|
|
Z=0
(1.9) (1.12), k:
= (1.13)
. dS (. 4).
. 4
() =(S). : 1= (S); 2=(S+dS)=(S)+ (1.9), , :
(1.14)
(23)
. (1.15)
, (1.15), , ( ) S(t) .
, dP/dS ( S) dP/dn ( w(S)), dP/dS=dP/dn=grad P - .
(1.15)
` , (1.16)
grad P - .
, =(S,t), (1.14) (1.15) :
(1.17)
/S /S .
. k.
(1.13), , :
[] = 2.
, , - . : [Q] = c3/, [m] = c; [P]= /3; [ ]=; [w]=2; [k]=.
1 () , 1 2, 1 1 /3 1 1 3/.
(1.12) , :
k = 1 = 1,02*10-122