| 1 . | қ ә қ ң ұқ құ |
| 2 . | ң қ қң ң . |
Ә ә ғ қ . қң ң қғ 2 қ , 2 20% . қң ғ ө, құғ ғ ғ. 50-60 ө ң қ ғ, ғ ө. ғ ғ , қ. Қ .
ә ң
| қң ғ | |||
| қ | 1 ғ ң | ||
| 1 - қ | 2,0 қ | ||
| 2 - қ | 2.0 20% |
| 3 . | қ ң ң ( ә) |
Ә: қ ғ ұ қң қ ғ ұ . қ қ ғң ө ұғғ, үң ө қ. қ ғң ө ұққң ққғ қ. ң ү.
| 4 . | қ ң ң ( ә). |
Ә: ұ қғ қң ә қ , ү қ () . Ққ ү ә ғқ қ ң ү ң ү () . ң ү 0,5% ң қ . қң ұ қ ү ғ , ққң қ құ. қ ңғ ғ ,ғ қ. ғ ғ 15-30 ө ң, қң ғ ө. ғ қ. қ ү ә ғ .
5 . ң ұқ құ
ü ү
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ü ү ң ұқ құ.
ü
. 2,5 .
-ң ү ққ ғ -ң. -ңң ә 2,5 .
Water balance is the balance between the amount of water, absorbed into the body and that, which is eliminated from the body. Its bulk is 2.5 l per day
.. - (, , )
ң .. ү ң ққ (, , )
Positive WB when water intake predominates water elimination (edema, dropsy, water intoxication)
. - ( = = )
.. ү ққ ң (= = )
Negative WB. when water elimination predominates water intake (dehydration, hypohydration, exsiccosis)
( )
() -
() -
() -
(, , )
ң қ ү ( ғ қ қң ө ә)
(қ) ң ғ
(қ) қ ғ ң ү
(қ) - қ ғ (, қғ құ, қ )
Types of dehydration according to pathogenesis (changes of osmotic pressure of extracellular compartment)
Isoosmolal (isotonic) is equivalent loss of water and electrolytes
Hyperosmolal (hypertonic) is low water intake or excessive loss of water
Hypoosmolal (hypotonic) is combined water and electrolytes deficiency
(, , )
ұққң қ ( , , )
Dropsy (hydrops)is accumulation of fluid in serous cavities
қ ң ұ қ ң ұқң қ қ.
Edema is abnormal and excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces due to disorders of water exchange between blood and tissues
:
1) - ( , ¯ )
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қ - қң ө қ қң (ү, ¯)
Hemodynamic factor - is a rise in hydrostatic pressure at the venular end of the capillary (high filtration, low resorption)
2) - ()
қ - ә қң қ қң ө ()
Oncotic factor - is decreased plasma oncotic pressure (as a result of hypoproteinemia)
3) T - , ,
ҳ , ә, ө қ ә қ қң
Tissue factor - is high oncotic and osmotic pressure of the interstitial space as a result of accumulation of electrolytes, proteins, products of metabolism
4) () -
Ққ - қ өң
Vascular (membranogenous) factor - is increased capillary permeability
5) - , ,
ғ ң қ - қ ң қ ә, құ , ғ қ қ қ
Difficulty of lymph outflow(lymphoedema) - is the result of inflammation or thrombosis of the lymphatics, filariasis, high central venous pressure, pressure from outside on the main abdominal or thoracic duct, removal of axillary lymph nodes
6) - - ,
ү- : ң ү ә ң ұ, ә ә қ ң үң
Neuro-endocrine factor(sodium and water retention) - is disorder of water-electrolyte metabolism regulation. It is the increased secretion of aldosterone and vasopressin (antydiuretic hormone)
Ә:
1. Ә.ұұұ. . ; ʳ, 2007. . 166 - 198.
2. Ә..ұұұ. қ .-; , 2010.-. 99-146.
3. // . .., .. .. : - , 2010., 1, . 682-746
4. .. : . .: , 2009. - . 147-175
5. . . // .. . : -. 2008. . 59-63
6. : / .. ... 2- . .: -, 2004. . 296-311.
7. қ қ // Қ ғ ..ө, ғ .., .. .: - , ҚҰ, 2007.- . 188 205
Қ
8. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 42-52.
9. : . / .. .. .-: .-, 2006, . 315-334.
10. .. : : 2 . .: -, 2003. . 1. . 340-380.
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11. .. , .. . .: , 1984 .
Қ
. қң: қ қ // Қ ғ ..ө, ғ .., .. .: - , ҚҰ, 2007.- .. 188-204
Ө
