1.
: .
: , / facebook (), youtube rutube (), vkontkte.ru.
: 326. , .
:
( ),
facebook, youtube, rutube, vkontakte,
/ .
2.
: 4 (Win-XP + 3 Linux: Alt, Mops ( debian), Puppy).
:
(),
,
.
, .
Linux: .
HDD .
.
HDD :
1. . HDD, CD-Rom', DVD-Rom' ( ) IDE ( ATA - PATA). IDE () IDE ide0 ide1 ( ide1 ide2). () , () master', () slave. :
- UDMA-33 (40-pin' ) HDD ( HDD): master slave;
- UDMA-66/100/133 (80-pin' ) ( , slave, ), HDD cs cabel select.
ATA ATA (serial ATA SATA). HDD . , SATA HDD master.
2. HDD fdisk.
fdisk / (Partition Table PT), .
. , , . . , , . , - . , .
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!!! . , .
HDD 63 . 63? , , HDD 63 (, ) .
(, , , ) (Master Boot Record MBR) 446 . ! , HDD MBR ( , ). Windows MBR . Unix' , . , HDD , , HDD MBR.
64 (Partition Table PT). 4- , :
struct pt_struct {
u8 bootable; // 1
u8 start_part[3]; // 3
u8 type_part; // 1
u8 end_part[3]; // 3
u32 sect_before; // 4
u32 sect_total; // 4
};
MBR 0xAA55. BIOS , .
PT . ( PT) primery. , , , HDD : Linux' , , hda1, hda2, hda3 hda4. (, ) extended. 5 , , . - , , MBR : MBR , 446 . PT 055 .
fdisk PT - , , . fdisk PT () .
. PT, (. .1).
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, fdisk HDD :
- MBR PT;
, HDD , , ( ) PT, .
3. mkfs (. ).
4. mount.
fdisk
fdisk - .
fdisk [-u] [-b sectorsize]device
fdisk -l [-u] [-b sectorsize] [device...]
fdisk -s partition...
fdisk -v
, partitions ().
partition table ( ) .
BSD " " (`disk slices') " " (`disklabel').
, Linux - . / , .
Linux - . Intel- , BIOS, , , 1024 . ( ), /boot. , , , BIOS. , , .
fdisk - ( ) - . DOS BSD SUN.
(device) - :
/dev/hd[a-h] IDE,
/dev/sd[a-p] SCSI,
/dev/ed[a-d] ESDI,
/dev/xd[ab] XT.
.
(partition) - (device), . ,
/dev/hda1 - IDE . IDE disks can have up to 63 partitions, SCSI disks up to 15. . /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt.
fdisk /dev/sda
fdisk HDD master.
fdisk /dev/sdb
fdisk HDD slave.
BSD/SUN 8 , " " ('whole disk'). , ( ), 0, .
IRIX/SGI 16 , "" ('volume'), - " " (`volume header'). , . . . - - . Linux IRIX/SGI IRIX/SGI Linux.
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DOS . 0 - 4 ( `primary' ""). : , , , . , , 1 4. 5.
DOS : ( 32 ) // - Cylinders/Heads/Sectors ( 10+8+6 ). 512- 2 . . -, C/H/S- , . -, , 24 . DOS C/H/S, Windows , Linux C/H/S.
, fdisk . ( , , , /H/S-), , MS-DOS .
, Linux - , . , fdisk .
Linux , , () .
, ( p), . , , ( ).
MS-DOS , , 2 . , 1, , , OS/2.
sync () BLKRRPART ioctl () ( ) . , fdisk. , . , , .
-b sectorsize - . : 512, 1024 2048. ( . .)
-l - . , , /proc/partitions ( ).
-u - , .
-s partition - ( ) .
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-v - fdisk .
3.
: Linux flash-.
/ . , , . Flash- .
, , : puppy 130 Mb, frenzy 200-250 Mb, DSL ~ 50-70Mb, feather ~ 120Mb . .
puppy ( www.puppyrus.org). : linux' , Desktop.
puppy-2.03 ( ) ; ftp- 4 5, , .
Flash . , AltLinux ( → → usb ). . .
.
:
,
, .
) ;
) flash-;
) .
4.
: mc (Midnight Commander).
, KDE MOPS 7.0.
1. ( → → (Konsole)). ,
[<login>@< >] $
2. :
$ mc
Midnight Commander (. 1):
. 1. mc.
3. .
3.1. . : F9 → → . (. . 2). ... ( )
. *, , .
Enter.
. 2. .
. 3. .
. 4. .
3.2. - . : F9 → → . (. . 3). . Enter.
3.3. : F9 → → (. . 4). , .mc ( , .).
4. mc. F1.
5. mc :
; ;
; ;
<___>; ; F7;
;
;
<___1>;
Shift-F4, mc; , , 4.
<__.txt>; F2;
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date;
F3; F3;
<___>; F5;
hosts ( , ); mc;
hosts <___1>;
hosts hosts1, hosts ; F8;
hosts <__.txt>;
: cat /etc/motd >> <__.txt>;
: date >> <__.txt>;
F3;
mc <__.txt>.
5.
: ALT' (KDE).
, , , .
altlinux-5.x.x_Master, -.
: ,
- ,
- , , .
:
1. Kickoff .
1.1. .
1.2. Synaptic' .
2. mc .
3. Dolphin: --> Dolphin.
3.1. - .
3.2. - .
3.3. - .
3.4. ٸ , .
. altlinix-5.x.x_Lite PCManFM. : , , , .
4. unix : → .
4.1. . .
5. : → .
5.1. 4.
6. : → .
6.1. KDE classic - , Oxygen.
6.
: - 1: Linux, .
