: - () - .
, . , , , , , . : d ( n ). [14, 16, 17], , . .
. , . r t ER ET E o . R T
R = IR / Io = r2, (6.1)
T = IT / Io = t2, (6.2)
IR IT , I o- . (, R = 0,04), , ( ). , . R , . .
d n, (. 6.1). . . . ,
R + T = 1. (6.3)
- 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 4¢,... t2, t2r2, t2r4, t2r6,..., 1, 2, 3, 4,..., , - r, t2r, t2r3, t2r5,...; . i , , 1¢, 2¢, 3¢,... 1, 2, 3,... (). [13]
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, (6.4)
. (6.5)
Y
Y = (2p/ l)2 nd cos r, (6.6)
l - , r - (. 6.1).
( ),
2 dn cos r = ml, (m = 0, 1, 2,...), (6.7)
( ),
2 dn cos r = (2 m +1) l /2. (6.8)
(6.4) , , sin(Y /2) = 0
sin(Y /2) = 1:
(6.9)
(6.10)
(6.9) (6.10) , :
. (6.11)
, R. . 6.2 Y R. R <<1 , , . R , . F, . e (. 6.2):
F = 2p/e. (6.12)
, R . . , , (d < l) . , F. , R = 0,9 30, e , . .
3 - 2000 1 .
() [18]. - , , t (. 6.1). i 0 () . . , .
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2 t - (d/p)l = m l, (6.13)
d = (b 1+ b 2)/2, b 1 b 2 - , , m - . l 1, l 2, l 3,..., , m, m +1, m +2,... , (6.13). ( ) ( ) .
t / l = (m +d /p)/2 (6.14)
(6.14) t / l (. 6.3).
, t . d ( d l), (6.14) . , t l , m t / l = const. . - .
, : (R 0,8 0,9), . , , 0,1 [16].
.
, . 1 (. 6.4) 2, . , ( 3). , . () , . 4. 5, 6. t , , , () 7. 8 , , 9 7. .
( ) (. 6.3). . , ( ) .
(6.13) , . 6.3, :
2t - (d1 / p)l= m l, (6.15)
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2(t + d) - (d2 / p)l¢ = m¢l¢. (6.16)
- p - c, c - . l l¢ , (d1 / p) (d2 / p) 1. (6.15) (6.16) d:
d = (l¢m¢-lm) /2, (6.17)
= m + 1, M ¢ = m ¢ + 1. m m ¢ , :
2 t - (d 1/ p) l 1= ml 1, 2 t - (d 1 /p) l¢ 1 = m¢l¢ 1, (6.18)
2 t - (d 1/ p) l 2= (m + 1) l 2, 2 t - (d1/p) l ¢2 = (m ¢ + 1) l ¢2. (6.19)
(6.18) (6.19) :
m = m + 1 = l 2/(l 1- l 2), (6.20)
m ¢ = m ¢+1 = l 2¢/(l 1¢- l 2¢). (6.21)
m m ¢, (6.20) (6.21), , .
(d < l /2), , .. m = m ¢ (6.17) :
d = (l¢-l) m /2. (6.22)
d > l /2, . (6.17), m m ¢ (6.20) (6.21).
(. .. 5), , , - [17]. t , m - m ¢- , ..
l = l¢. (6.17)
d = (m ¢- m) l /2. (6.23)
(6.17), (6.22) (6.23) d. [16], , , 0,2 . , . limi /2 li¢mi ¢/2 (i = 1, 2,...) l (6.15) (6.16).
, .. . .
.
1 .
1.1 , . 6.4. -2. 1 ( 6.4), , 5, , .
1.2 9, . , , (. 6.3).
1.3 (400-700 ). , . . , .
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2 .
2.1 ( ) , , [6]
b - , l, a b o - , , .
2.2 (6.20) (6.21). .
2.3 d (6.22) . .
2.4 . li m i/2 li¢ m i¢/2 (i = 1, 2,..., n), n - , l. (6.15) (6.16).
1 .. . . - ., , 1980.
2 .. . - ., , 1950.
3 .. . . ., , 1990.
4 .., .. . - ., , 1982.
5 .., .., .. . .2 - , , 1972.
6 .. . - ., , 1968.
7 ., . . - ., , 1980.
8 .. . - ., , 1976.
9 .. . - ., , 1961.
10 -1. .
11 .. . . - . , 1989.
12 -017.
13 ., . . ., , 1970.
14 .., .. . - ., ,1986.
15 .., .. . - . - ., , 1974.
16 . . . , .. - .IV.-., ,1970.
17 . . . . . .2.- ., ., 1977.
18 .. . ., , 1958.
充.3
1 ...5
2 -
......10
3 -1
..19
4 ...25
5
...34
6 -
..41
....50
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ϳ 29.06.99. 60´84 1/16. Copy PAPIR
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" ". 310153. , . 50- , 52.