. .
, , . , . () |a|=|AB|. .
, . , . , , .
b
a C
, , .
a b
.
. , . , , + . ++ R=OC,
.
, , = = , +, -. =, . , +(-)= 0. - . , + ( - )= + [ + (-)]=+0=.
ֽ ..., n -, λ1,..., λn , λ1 1 +...+ λn n =0. .
.
φ . ≤ || cosφ.
:
( + )= + .
(x1,1,z1) (2,2,z2). = : x =X=2-1
y =Y=2-1 (1)
z =Z=z2-z1
. = {2-1; 2-1; z2-z1}
. .
1, 2, 3 , = 11+22+3 3 (2)
1, 2, 3 β=(1,2,3). (2) β.
, φ : () = = | |×| |×cosφ
:
- ( ): =
- . ( + ) = + .
- , . . 2= | |2
- , . . (λ ) = (, λ ) = λ()
- , . . (λ + μ , ) = λ(, ) + μ(, )
|
|
φ= () cosφ= .
,
=ax + ay + az =bx + by + bz , =axbx+ayby+azbz, , = = = 0 = = = 1
φ cosφ= (axbx+ayby+azbz)/ (| || |)
φ=π/2 , , cosφ=0, axbx+ayby+azbz=0.
= × =[a.b], :
1. , , .. |c| = |a | |b|sinφ, φ=∟(), (0≤φ≤π) ( 4.1);
4.1
2. , . . ┴ ┴ ;
3. , , .
.
1. , , . . × =-( × )
2. -, . . × =0
3. , . . λ-, (λ × ) = ( ×λ ) = λ( × )
4. a,b,c ( + )× =()+()
: × =0
=ax + ay + az =bx + by + bz ,
× = | ay az| - | ax az| + | ax ay|
| by bz| |bx bz| | bx by |
| |
× = | ax ay az|
|bx by bz|
( 4.2),
4.2
, , . | × |=S , , . . . H= n = | | cosφ, = × φ=∟(, ), φ. , , - . = = S np =V, . . , , . =V.
- = =
- = = = =-
, : =0
= ax + ay + az , =bx + by + bz , =x + y + z
| ax + ay + az|
=| bx+ by + bz|
| x + y + z|
:
1. , . (. ) [1,5,6]
2. 1,3 [2-. 273; 4], .
:
1. . [3 . 156 ]
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