4
ؖ, ؖ.
, ( 1).
, "" , , n- , . | |
"" , , , , , . | |
, , . "" - . "" , , , . | |
. . . |
-, , -, , .
"" . "" , .
, "" , , "" (CHEI - channel hot electrons injection), - (Fowler-Nordheim (FN)).
-, FN, , .
, . .
STACKED GATE CELL.
, -. - Stacked Gate Cell ( ), . , ( ) -.
. . , () : , , , . , , , , -.
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, . .
TWO TRANSISTOR THIN OXIDE CELL.
, : . . (Two Transistor Thin Oxide Cell) .
, , . , (.1.). .
. 1.. .
, , . , , , , -, , .
SST CELL.
, SST - Silicon Storage Technology.
SST .
SST- (. 2). , . , , , , -.
. 2. SST- .
, , . . , , , .
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, . , , , , .
SST- () (). ( ), . .
- . : . .
(MLC - Multi Level Cell).
, flash- , . . ( ) . , . 5000 , , , 30000 , . , , .
.2. . , . ( ) 3.1, ( ) 5.
.2.. .
. Flash- , . ( ), . , , . , . .
.2. , . (, ) . , 0.3, 3000 .
.2.. .
. 8- , 16- . , 2 N, N .
, , . :
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: flash- ( ). , .
: MLC- - , , ( ).
: .
, -.
. , , . .
MLC Intel, MLC- Intel StrataFlash.
MLC:
$/.
"" MLC-, ( , - ).
MLC , .
MLC:
, , , , ( - ).
MLC , .
MLC- , , / .
-.
, , , . NOR (-) NAND ( - ).
NOR (-) - (.3).
, 0. . NOR .
. 3. .
- NAND ( - ) (. 3) 0, . . . NOR, , . . . NOR . .
-.
( ) - ( 2).
2. -.
NOR (NOT OR, -) | |||
: . . : , . : . , . , . (PC BIOS, ), EEPROM. | |||
: AMD, Intel, Sharp, Micron, Ti, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, SGS-Thomson, STMicroelectronics, SST, Samsung, Winbond, Macronix, NEC, UMC. | |||
: "" : FN. | |||
NAND (NOT AND, -) | |||
: , , . . . : , . : , . , : MP3 , . | |||
: Toshiba, AMD/Fujitsu, Samsung | |||
: FN. : FN. | |||
2. - (). AND () | |||
: , NOR NAND, . , . . | |||
: Hitachi Mitsubishi Electric. | |||
: FN. : FN. | |||
Di NOR (Divided bit-line NOR), - . | |||
: , NOR NAND. . , ( ). DiNOR 256 . | |||
: Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, Motorola. | |||
: FN. : FN. | |||
: NOR NAND. Hitachi AND- NAND - . , , / 100 . , , - NOR : . : NOR . - NAND. | |||
.
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:
(Conventional) - . - , , . - - , , . . , 60 , 9 . 0,6 4,5 . .
() - "1" "0", - "0" "1". "0" "1" - , . , . . - . , .
. - , . , 8 .
(Page) - , 4 8 . : . : . , , . , ( 8 ) . 4 8 ; 70 . , ( ) 10-20 . , , .
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(Conventional). , . - . , 300 . .
(Burst) - , , 16 32 . , . - . - .
- (Burst Mode) () . CLK. CLK. 3 , .
: -, (RWW - Read While Write) . |
, - . , - - . NOR- (2 ). NAND- ( ). , NAND. NAND .
, :
, .
.
.
, . , NOR ( ).
/ NAND . , - , NAND .
NOR - , (BIOS, RAM , ..), (, -, ). Gumstix Technology Gumstix Verdex Pro 4 . . 4. , .
: Marvell PXA270 XScale . : 400 . | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(/): 64 / 16 MB. : (60, 80 24 ). : Linux 2.6.21 . : 80 mm 20 mm 6.3 mm. : 8 . : -25 C 85 C. : 3.6V - 5.0V. . 4. Gumstix Verdex Pro 4. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOR- . | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:
- .
- (NAND), - (NOR).
.
- , , . , . , -.
- , (), . . . . . , , , . , , -.
.
, , . , , . , , -, .
() .
- , . , , . . . "Parameter". "Parameter" , Parameter1. Parameter, , . - Parameter1, , Parameter1 Parameter1. , , . , "Next_Record", , FFh. , . .
- - - - , , , Next_Record. . , . . . .
. ( ) Parameter_Value .
, - . . , , . - . -. - , . . , , , . , , , . - , , - . , , . , -. . "" . - "" ( ), , . , , () . , . , . - ( ) . . ( ) :
( ), . 64- 8 8 . , . (BIOS), (Boot Block) , (, ) -. (Page Write), , . ( , ), , , (4-32 128-256 ). , / , ( ), . , , . - ( ). (). ; 8 16 ( ). () ; () . , , . . ; . - , (- ) . () , , -. |
-.
, , , - . -.
90- - -. - , -.
, , .
, - , . , .
, , - MSP430 (Texas Instruments). .
- MSP430 16- CPU (Central Processing Unit ), , MAB (Memory Address Bus ) MDB (Mamory Data Bus ). CPU , MSP430 , . Flash- , .
- MSP430 , . - , . , .
- - . 5.
- , , , .
. 5. - -.
FCTLx 16- (/) -.
, - , . .
- , 0A5h. FCTLx , 0A5h PUC (Power-up clear ). .
FCTL1
FRKEY, 096h FWKEY, 0A5h |
BLKWRT | WRT | MERAS | ERASE |
FRKEY/FWKEY | 15-8 | FCTLx. 096h. 0A5h, PUC. | |||||||||||||
BLKWRT | 7 | . WRT. BLKWRT EMEX. 0 1 | |||||||||||||
WRT | 6 | . . WRT EMEX. 0 , 1 | |||||||||||||
5-3 | . 0. | ||||||||||||||
MERAS | 2 | . . MERAS ERASE , EMEX. | |||||||||||||
ERASE | 1 | ||||||||||||||
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5-3 | . 0 | ||||||||||||||
FCTL2.
FWKEYx, 096h 0A5h |
FSSELx | FNx |
FWKEY | 15-8 | FCTLx. 096h. 0A5h, PUC. | |||||
FSSELx | 7-6 | 00 ACLK, 01 MCLK, 10 SMCLK, 11 SMCLK | |||||
FNx | 5-0 | . . FNx+1. , FNx=00h, 1. FNx=02Fh, 64. |
FCTL3.
FWKEYx, 096h 0A5h |
EMEX | LOCK | WAIT | ACCVIFG | KEYV | BUSY |
FWKEY | 15-8 | FCTLx. 096h. 0A5h, PUC. | |||||
7-6 | . 0 | ||||||
EMEX | 5 | . 0 , 1 | |||||
LOCK | 4 | . - . LOCK / , . , LOCK , BLKWRT=WAIT=1, BLKWRT WAIT . 0 , 1 | |||||
WAIT | 3 | . , -. 0 - /. 1 - /. | |||||
ACCVIFG | 2 | 0 , 1 | |||||
KEYV | 1 | . , FCTLx - PUC. KEYV . 0 , 1 | |||||
BUSY | 0 | . . 0 , 1 |
-
- . , , -, . , ( ).
- . . . .
. 6. 4 -, .
. 6. -, 4 .