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1. .. . . 2-, . . .: , 2006. 288 .

2. , . . / . . , . . , . . , . . . .: , 2005. 592 .

3. .. . .: -, 2007. 296 .

4. , .. / ... - . . . - .: , 2007. 432 .

5. , .. . / .., ... .: , 2007. 176 .

6. , . . . . .: . , 2003. 640 .

7. - / . . , . . , . . . .: -, 2005. 320 .

8. , . ISDN / . ; . . . . , . . . . - .: - , 2005. - 264 .

9. , . / . . .: , 2007. 1358 .

10. / .., .., .., ... .: , 2008. 344 .

11. . : , . .: , 2009. 496 .

12. ., . UMTS. , , . . . .: , 2007. 464 .

13. .., .., .. . .: -, 2005. 384 .

14. . . . . .. . ... .: , 2006. 536 .

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1837 . . . 24 1844 . . 1858 . .

1874 . . , 6 . 1877 . . ( ) (5 ), .. , 2.

1876 . . ., . ( 14.02.1876).

1888 . . Telautograph . 1889 . . , (- ). 99 . 1897 . ( ).

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1909 . .. , , .

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1928 . - . ( ), 1933 . .. . 1948 . . .

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(.., ., . 1893-96 .). 20- ( ). 1933 . . (), 1936 . . 1946 . AN&T Bell System (MTS) (20 ). 3 60 150 . .

12 1960 . 1500 () Echo-1. 30 , . 10 13 1962 . Telstar-1 Relay-1 ( 2 ). 19 1964 . (, Syncom-3). 20 1964 . Intelsat (International Telecommunication Satellite Organization) ( 2001 . 2/3 Intelsat). 23 1965 . -1.

1960- (), (), . 1961 . . MIT . 1964 . . RAND , . 1965 . . MIT . TX-2 Q-32 . 1967-1968 . NPL () 768 / ( 1970- . 200 250 /). 1968 . IBM . Token Ring.

1967 . ARPANET, IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office) ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) . 1968 . . BBN ARPA .. (Interface Message Processor). 1969 . ARPANET - . ARPANET . BBN ( ) . (SRI). ARPANET - .

1970 . ( ) ALOHA. . ( . . ) . , . 1972 . ALOHA ARPANET. ALOHA (ARQ), CSMA. , .

1972 . . BBN ARPANET. 1974 . . ( ) . (Cerf V.G., Kahn R.E. A protocol for packet network interconnection // IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech. Vol. COM-22. V. 5. May 1974. P. 627-641), TCP/IP. BBN Telnet ( ARPANET).

1973 . . Xerox -, Xerox MIT ARPANET, , Ethernet ( ). . Ethernet-, 2,944 /. Ethernet CSMA/CD . , 1979 ., . - Xerox, Intel Digital Equipment (DEC) - Ethernet, . 1979 . DEC 3COM Ethernet- .

1976 . CCITT .25, (Interface between DTE and DCE for Terminal Operations in Packet Mode and Connected to Public Data Networks by Dedicated Circuit). .

1977 . - Sony . , . , Ethernet (Acknowledging Ethernet). (IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15).

1978 . Batelco (Bahrain Telephone Company) , . 20 400 250 . Matsushita Electric Industrial. AT&T Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS), 800 . 10 54 . 2.

1977 . Hayes Microcomputer Products Micromodem II (Apple II). 110/300 / 280 . 1979 . CCITT V.21, 300 /.

1980 ., TCP/IP . -. 1983 . ARPANET TCP/IP NCP. ARPANET, , MILNET, .

, , . , Ethernet-Fast Ethernet-Gigabit Ethernet, 10/100/1000 /. .25 Frame Relay, TCP/IP, ATM Gigabit Ethernet.

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, , . . , , , () . , 60- , , . , . ( 1962 .) IPTO ARPA, . . , , . 60- . (Licklider J.C.R. // On-Line Man Computer Communication, August 1962).

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