- | K | L | M | N | ||
n | ||||||
l | 0, 1 | 0, 1, 2 | 0, 1, 2, 3 | |||
1 s | 2 s, 2 p | 3 s, 3 p, 3 d | 4 s, 4 p, 4 d, 4 f | |||
1 2 | H He | 1 2 | ||||
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | Li Be B C N O F Ne | 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | 1, 0 2, 0 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6 | |||
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar | 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 2, 6 | 1, 0, 0 2, 0, 0 2, 1, 0 2, 2, 0 2, 3, 0 2, 4, 0 2, 5, 0 2, 6, 0 | ||
19 20 | K Ca | 2 2 | 2, 6 2, 6 | 2, 6, 0 2, 6, 0 | 1, 0, 0, 0 2, 0, 0, 0 |
, .. :
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Z = 3 Z = 10, , , . ( ), , . , . . , , .
(Na, Z = 11) , (n ):
ns 1 (Li, Na), ns 2 (Be, Mg), ns 2 np 1 (B, Al), ns 2 np 2(C, Si) . .
.. , .
, , . , ( VII ) ns 2 np 5, (n 1) s 2(n 1) p 6(n 1) d 5 ns 2.
, ..? 1 (-24).
, , ... ... . , (, ) (3 -) d -. , , c 3 d -. , .
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, , , , .