23. SQL .
SQL, , . , , . . SQL .
SQL (di-rect) -, - - - (-, - ).
(embedded) , - SQL , - .
(dynamic) SQL SQL , SQL, . SQL. , SQL- , -, , SQL . ( ), , .
:
(INTEGER, SMALLINT). , (NUMERIC (p, s), p , s . DECIMAL (p, s), DECIMAL (p), DECIMAL. , , , ). .REAL ( - ).DOUBLE PRECISION - .FLOAT(p) (- p). xEy. : CHARACTER (x) ( CHAR) - - (- ASCII). CHARACTER VARYING (x), x - . CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT , . , - .
47. . . . .
- , . - ( , ) , . : . ( ) - - . - .
|
|
24. . .
, - . , . - , , , , . - , , . SQL . - , . - (CURSOR) SQL ( SELECT). (OPEN< >), - (FETCH < >), , -, (CLOSE < >).
48. . .
, , , - . , - , .. , - , - - , -, , .