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, 26.03.02 , , .
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I. 4
II. 5
III. 7
IV. 1 9
12
I.
. "" .
:
1) ;
2) , , ( , );
3) ;
4) , ("");
5) 25 ;
6) , .
II.
1
P1 T1 V2 = aV1. , "n". , , , , , . . Pv- Ts - .
, , 3.1.
2
, . hs- Ts- (). 3.2.
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3
1 X1 , ∆t . 2.
, , , . 3.3.
4
N. 1, t1; 2; η, η.
( .) . , , 40% . Ts- hs - . ( 3.4.).
III. .
1
3.1
. | n | . α | . | ||
1, | T1, | ||||
2 2 + 8 N2 | 1,25 | 5,0 | |||
5 + 5 2 | 1,15 | 4,0 | |||
3 2 + 7 O2 | 1,30 | 7,0 | |||
6 N2 + 4 2 | 1,28 | 6,0 | |||
5 2 + 5 | 1,20 | 8,0 | |||
2 3 2 + 8 3 N2 | 1,10 | 10,0 | |||
2,5 3 N2 +7,5 3 H2 | 1,22 | 5,6 | |||
3 3 4 + 7 3 | 1,40 | 9,0 | |||
532 + 53 | 1,27 | 4,8 | |||
6 3 4 + 4 3 2 | 1,21 | 7,2 |
2
3.2
. | ||||
,; t,C; V,3/ | 1 - 2 | 2 - 3 | 3 - 4 | |
P1=10; x1=l; t2=500; 3=1; 4=0,05 | P=const | t=const | s=const | |
t1=200; x1=0,95; P2=1; t3=500; x4=0,9 | t=const | P=const | s=const | |
P1=5; x1=0,9; t2=600; 3=1; x4=0,9 | v=const | t=const | s=const | |
P1=5; x1=0,9; t2=600; 3=1; x4=1 | P=const | t=const | s=const | |
P1=5; x1=0,9; t2=500; x3=1; x4=0,8 | P=const | s=const | P=const | |
P1=5; x1=0,85; t2=400; 3=0,1; x4=1 | P=const | t=const | s=const | |
P1=5; t1=600; 2=1; x3=1; x4=0,8 | t=const | s=const | P=const | |
P1=2; x1=0,85; 2=1,5;t3=450; x4=1 | t=const | P=const | s=const | |
x1=0,8; P1=0,1; x2=1; t3=400; P4=0,l | s=const | P=const | t=const | |
P1=0,3; v1=0,5;t2=300;x3=l; x4=0,8 | P=const | s=const | P=const |
3
3.3
. | ∆t, C | 2, | ||
P, | X1 | |||
10,0 | 0,9 | |||
8,0 | 0,92 | |||
12,0 | 0,88 | |||
9,0 | 0,95 | |||
5,0 | 0,96 | |||
6,0 | 0,98 | |||
7,0 | 0,91 | |||
11,0 | 0,93 | |||
10,0 | 0,94 | |||
8,0 | 0,96 |
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4
3.4
. | N, | η | P2, Ma | η | ||
1 | 1 0 | |||||
0,74 | 10,0 | 0,006 | 0,92 | |||
0,78 | 12,0 | 0,005 | 0,88 | |||
0,75 | 4,8 | 0,004 | 0,94 | |||
0,80 | 13,0 | 0,0045 | 0,96 | |||
0,79 | 6,0 | 0,0035 | 0,87 | |||
0,72 | 9,0 | 0,0055 | 0,9 | |||
0,84 | 8,0 | 0,003 | 0,93 | |||
0,82 | 7,6 | 0,004 | 0,95 | |||
0,76 | 5,0 | 0,0045 | 0,91 | |||
0,72 | 11,0 | 0,005 | 0,94 |
IV. 1
4.1
0 1500
, /() | Cx', /(3) | |
Cv = 0,7088 + 0,000093 t | Cv' = 0,9157 + 0,0001201 t | |
= 0,9956 + 0,000093 t | Cp' = 1,287 +0,00012011 | |
2 | Cv = 10,12 + 0,0005945 t | Cv' = 0,9094 + 0,0000523 t |
Cp = 14,33 +0,0005945 t | Cp' = 1,28+.0,0000523 t | |
N2 | Cv = 0,7304 + 0,00009855 t | Cv' = 0,9131 + 0,0001107 t |
Cp = 1,032 + 0,00009855 1 | Cp' = 1,306+ 0,0001107 t | |
2 | Cv = 0,6594 + 0,0001065 1 | Cv' = 0,943+0,0001577 t |
Cp = 0,919 + 0,0001065 t | Cp'= 1,313 +0,0001577 t | |
Cv = 0,7331 + 0,00009681 t | Cv' = 0,9173+ 0,000121 t | |
Cp = 1,035 + 0,00009681 t | Cp' = 1,291+0,000121 t | |
2 | Cv = 1,372 + 0,0003111 t | Cv'= 1,102 +0,0002498 t |
Cp = 1,863 + 0,0003111 t | Cp' = 1,473 + 0,0002498 t | |
2 | Cv = 0,6837 + 0,0002406 t | Cv' = 1,3423 +0,0004723 t |
Cp = 0,8725 + 0,0002406 t | Cp' = 1,7132+ 0,0004723 t |
4.2
.
( )
t | P, | v' 103, 3/ | v" 103, 3/ | ρ", /3 | h', / | h", / | r, / | s' /() | s" /() |
0,01 | 6,112 102 | 1,0002 | 206,3 | 0,004847 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 9,1544 | ||
1,2271 103 | 1,0004 | 106,42 | 0,009398 | 42,04 | 0,1510 | 8,8994 | |||
23368 103 | 1,0018 | 57,84 | 0,01729 | 83,90 | 0,2964 | 8,6665 | |||
4,2417 103 | 1,0044 | 32,93 | 0,03037 | 125,71 | 0,4366 | 8,4523 | |||
73749 103 | 1,0079 | 19,55 | 0,05115 | 167,50 | 0,5723 | 3,2559 | |||
1,2335 104 | 1,0121 | 12,04 | 0,08306 | 209,3 | 0,7038 | 8,0753 | |||
1,9919 104 | 1,0171 | 7,678 | 0,1302 | 251,1 | 0,8311 | 7,9084 | |||
3,1161 104 | 1,0228 | 5,045 | 0,1982 | 293,0 | 0,9549 | 7,7544 | |||
4,7359 104 | 1,0290 | 3,408 | 0,29934 | 334,9 | 1,0753 | 7,6116 | |||
7,0108 104 | 1,0359 | 2,361 | 0,4235 | 377,0 | 1,1925 | 7,4737 | |||
1,01325 105 | 1,0435 | 1,673 | 0,5977 | 419,1 | 1,3071 | ||||
1,4326 105 | 1,0515 | 1,210 | 0,8264 | 461,3 | 1,4183 | 7,2387 | |||
1,9854 105 | 1,0603 | 0,8917 | 1,121 | 503,7 | 1,5277 | 7,1298 | |||
2,7012 105 | 1,0697 | 0,6683 | 1,496 | 546,3 | 1,6345 | 7,0272 | |||
3,6136105 | 1,0798 | 0,5087 | 1,966 | 589,0 | 1,7592 | 6,9304 | |||
4,7597 105 | 1,0906 | 0,3926 | 2,547 | 632,2 | 1,8418 | 6,8383 | |||
6,1804 105 | 1,1021 | 0,3068 | 3,258 | 675,5 | 1,9427 | 6,7508 | |||
7,9202105 | 1,1144 | 0,2426 | 4,122 | 719,2 | 2,0417 | 6,6666 | |||
1,0027 106 | 1,1275 | 0,1939 | 5,157 | 763,1 | 2,1395 | 6,5858 | |||
1,2552 106 | 1,1415 | 0,1564 | 6,394 | 807,5 | 2,2357 | 6,5074 | |||
1,5551 106 | 1,1565 | 0,5272 | 7,862 | 852,4 | 2,3308 | 6,4318 | |||
23201 106 | 1,1900 | 0,0860 | 11,62 | 943,7 | 2,5179 | 6,2849 | |||
3,3480 106 | 1,2291 | 0,0597 | 16,76 | 1037,5 | 2,7021 | 6,1421 | |||
4,6940 106 | 1,2755 | 0,0421 | 23,72 | 1135,l | 2,8851 | 6,0013 | |||
6,4191 106 | 1,3321 | 0,0301 | 33,19 | 1236,9 | 3,0681 | 5,8573 | |||
8,5917 106 | 1,4036 | 0,216 | 46,21 | 1344,9 | 3,2548 | 5,7049 | |||
1,129 107 | 1,499 | 0,0154 | 64,72 | 1462,1 | 3,4495 | 5,5353 | |||
1,4608 I07 | 1,639 | 0,0107 | 92,76 | 1594,7 | 3,6605 | 5,3361 | |||
1,8674 107 | 1,894. | 0,0069 | 144,0 | 3,9162 | 5,0530 | ||||
2,2084 107 | 2,800 | 0,0034 | 288,0 | 4,3258 | 4,5029 |
4.3
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( )
103, | t | v' 103 3/ | v" 3/ | ρ". /3 | h', / | h", / | r, / | s' /() | s" /() |
0,010 | 6,92 | 1,0001 | 129,9 | 0,00770 | 29,32 | 0,1054 | 8,975 | ||
0,025 | 21,094 | 1,0021 | 54,24 | 0,01843 | 88,50 | 0,3124 | 8,642 | ||
0,050 | 32,88 | 1,0053 | 28,19 | 0,03547 | 137,83 | 0,4761 | 8,393 | ||
0,075 | 40,32 | 1,0080 | 19,23 | 0,05198 | 168,8 | 0,5754 | 8,250 | ||
0,10 | 45,84 | 1,0103 | 14,68 | 0,06812 | 191,9 | 0,6492 | 8,149 | ||
0,15 | 54,00 | 1,0140 | 10,02 | 0,09980 | 226,1 | 0,7550 | 8,007 | ||
0,20 | 60,08 | 1,0171 | 7,647 | 0,1308 | 251,4 | 0,8321 | 7,907 | ||
05 | 64,99 | 1,0199 | 6,202 | 0,1612 | 272,0 | 0,8934 | 7,830 | ||
0,20 | 69,12 | 1,0222 | 5,226 | 0,1913 | 289,3 | 0,9441 | 7,769 | ||
0,40 | 75,88 | 1,0264 | 3,994 | 0,2504 | 317,7 | 1,0261 | 7,670 | ||
0,60 | 85,95 | 1,0330 | 2,732 | 360,0 | 1,1453 | ||||
0,80 | 93,52 | 1,0385 | 2,087 | 0,4792 | 391,8 | 1,2330 | 7,434 | ||
1,00 | 99,64 | 1,0432 | 1,694 | 0,5903 | 417,4 | 7,360 | |||
1,5 | 111,38 | 1,0527 | 1,159 | 0,8627 | 467,2 | 1,4336 | 7,223 | ||
2,0 | 120,23 | 1,0605 | 0,8854 | 1,129 | 504,8 | 1,5302 | 7,127 | ||
2,5 | 127,43 | 1,0672 | 0,7185 | 1,392 | 535,4 | 1,6071 | 7,053 | ||
3,0 | 133,54 | 1,0733 | 0,6057 | 1,651 | 561,4 | 1,672 | 6,992 | ||
3,5 | 138,88 | 1,0786 | 0,5241 | 1,908 | 584,5 | 1,728 | 6,941 | ||
4,0 | 143,62 | 1,0836 | 0,4624 | 2,163 | 604,7 | 1,177 | 6,897 | ||
4,5 | 147,92 | 1,0883 | 0,4139 | 2,416 | 623,4 | 1,8821 | 6,857 | ||
5,0 | 151,84 | 1,0927 | 0,3747 | 2,660 | 640,1 | 1,860 | 6,822 | ||
6,0 | 158,84 | 1,0117 | 0,3156 | 3,169 | 670,5 | 1,931 | 6,761 | ||
7,0 | 164,96 | 1,1081 | 0,2728 | 3,666 | 697,2 | 1,992 | 6,709 | ||
8,0 | 170,42 | 1,1149 | 0,2403 | 4,161 | 720,9 | 2,046 | 6,663 | ||
9,0 | 175,35 | 1,1213 | 0,2149 | 4,654 | 742,8 | 2,094 | 6,623 | ||
10,0 | 179,88 | 1,1273 | 0,1946 | 5,139 | 762,7 | 2,138 | 6,587 | ||
11,0 | 184,05 | 1,1331 | 0,1775 | 5,634 | 781,1 | 2,179 | 6,554 | ||
12,0 | 187,95 | 1,1385 | 0,1633 | 6,124 | 798,3 | 2,216 | 6,523 | ||
13,0 | 191,60 | 1,1438 | 0,1512 | 6,0614 | 814,5 | 2,251 | 6,495 | ||
14,0 | 195,04 | 1,1490 | 0,1408 | 7,103 | 830,0 | 2,284 | 6,469 | ||
15,0 | 198,28 | 1,1539 | 0,1317 | 7,493 | 844,6 | 2,314 | 6,445 | ||
16,0 | 201,36 | 1,1586 | 0,1238 | 8,080 | 858,3 | 2,344 | 6,422 | ||
17,0 | 204,30 | 1,1632 | 0,1167 | 8,569 | 871,6 | 2,371 | 6,400 | ||
18,0 | 207,10 | 1,1678 | 0,1104 | 9,058 | 884,4 | 2,397 | 6,379 | ||
19,0 | 209,78 | 1,1722 | 0,1047 | 9,449 | 896,6 | 2,422 | 6,359 | ||
20,0 | 212,37 | 1,1766 | 0,09958 | 10,041 | 908,5 | 2,447 | 6,340 | ||
30,0 | 233,83 | 1,2163 | 0,06665 | 15,0 | 1008,3 | 2,646 | 6,186 | ||
40,0 | 250,33 | 1,2520 | 0,04977 | 20,09 | 1087,5 | 2,796 | 6,070 | ||
50,0 | 263,91 | 1,2857 | 0,03944 | 25,35 | 1154,4 | 2,921 | 5,973 | ||
60,0 | 275,56 | 1,3185 | 0,03243 | 30,84 | 1213,9 | 1570,8 | 3,027 | 5,890 | |
70,0 | 285,80 | 1,3510 | 0,02437 | 36,44 | 1267,4 | 1504,9 | 3,122 | 5,814 | |
80,0 | 294,98 | 1,3838 | 0,02352 | 42,52 | 1317,0 | 1441,1 | 3,208 | 5,745 | |
90,0 | 303,32 | 1,4174 | 0,02048 | 48,83 | 1363,7 | 1379,3 | 3,287 | 5,678 | |
100,0 | 310,96 | 1,4521 | 0,01803 | 55,46 | 1407,7 | 1317,0 | 3,360 | 5,615 | |
120,0 | 324,63 | 1,527 | 0,01426 | 70,13 | 1491,1 | 1193,5 | 3,496 | 5,492 | |
140,0 | 336,63 | 1,611 | 0,01149 | 87,03 | 1570,8 | 1066,9 | 3,623 | 5,372 | |
160,0 | 347,32 | 1,710 | 0,00931 | 107,3 | 932,0 | 3,746 | 5,247 | ||
180,0 | 356,96 | 1,837 | 0,00750 | 133,2 | 778,2 | 3,871 | 5,107 | ||
200,0 | 365,71 | 2,040 | 0,00585 | 170,9 | 4,015 | 4,928 | |||
220,0 | 373,7 | 2,730 | 0,00367 | 272,5 | 4,303 | 4,591 |
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1. .., .. , .: . 1986. 344 .
2. .. :. . 3- .,. . : . .,. 1980. 469 .
3. .., .., .. , 4- . : , 1983 416 .
4. .., .., .. . 10 . .:, 1987. 522 .
5. : . . . . .. , .. , .. . .:. . 1986. 381 .
6. .. . ., 1973.
7. .., .. : . 2- ., . ., .: , 1984. 80.
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