, 2 I 2 ( . 184 ) . 12 , 1,
I 2 , 1 ... , 12, :
... . L 21 L 12 . , , , L 21 L 12 , . .
(128.2)
L 12 L 21 , , . , , ().
, . (. 185). , N 1, I 1 m , (119.2), l .
() , N 2 ,
Y I 1, , (128.1),
(128.3)
, 2 1, L 12 (128.3). , , ,
129.
, , . .. (18471894) .. (18551919). . 186. (), N 1 N 2 , . ... , I 1, , , , . ... , ... .
I 1 :
(129.1)
R 1 . I 1 R 1 R 1 2 ...,
(129.2)
... , ,
|
|
(129.3)
(129.1) (129.2), , ..., ,
, ... .
N 2 /N 1, , ... ( ), , .
, 2% , , , :
, (129.3),
. . .
N 2 /N 1>1, , ... (, , , , , ); N 2 /N 1 < 1, , ... (, , , ).
, . , , 45 , . , , . ... , ... . , ... .
130.
, , , . , , . , , .
L, I. (. (126.1)) =LI, d I d= L d I. d (. 121) d =I d =LI d I.
, , ,
(130.1)
, , , . .
, . . (130.1) (126.2),
I=Bl/ (m 0 mN) (. (119.2)) =m 0 mH (. (109.3)),
(130.2)
Sl = V .
, (. (130.2))
|
|
(130.3)
(130.3) , (95.8) , , . (130.3) , . (130.3) , , .. - (. 132).
15.1. (r =26 ×) . 20 , 1 . , 0,5 . [0,33 /]
15.2. , 0,5 , 300 1 , 200 , . 100 2. . ..., . [31,4 ]
15.3. , , , 0,3 1 , 1 . [3040]
15.4. , 0,98 , 10 0,4 . [0,16 ]
15.5. ( L 1=0,36 , L 2 = 0,64 ) . . [0,48 ]
15.6. , U 1=5,5 U 2 = 220 , N 1=1500 . R 2=2 . ( ) R =13 . , . [68]
16
131.
, , . m. , .
, , , . , (. 109), , .
, . , , , (. (109.2)) p m= IS n,
(131.1)
I=en , n , S . (. 187), m ( ) , .
, L e, , (19.1),
(131.2)
v = 2 pn, pr 2 = S. L e ( ) .
. 187 , m L e, , , (131.1) (131.2),
|
|
(131.3)
(131.4)
( , , ). , , , v r . (131.4) , .
* (1915), ( , ). , (e/m). , , , , 2, g (. (131.4)). , , , , (. (131.1) (131.2)) L es, . , , . , , . L es, () ms, L es :
(131.5)
*. . (18781960) .
gs .
:
ħ=h/ (2p) (h ), m b , .
. , , ( ). , . , () p a ( ) () :
(131.6)
, , , . , , .
132. -
, . . (). .
, . , a (. 188), , , m, a, . . , , , , .
|
|
, , . , , , , . () , . , , , .
, , ( ( ) ) . (, Bi, Ag, Au, u), , , . .
, . , .
, () . , . ( ). , , , . . . , Pt, l .. , .
, () (. 87), .
- , , . , ; , .
133. .
, (. 88), , :
, (. (131.6)).
(. 109), , , - , , . , : , , , . , 0 (, ) ' (, ):
(133.1)
0= m 0 (. (109.3)).
, , S l, 0. . 0, p m 0 ( ) 0 ( ). , , (. 189). , .
|
|
, , , ' , (119.2) N = 1 ( ):
(133.2)
I' , l , m .
, I'/l , , , p = I'lS/l = I'V/l, V . V,
(133.3)
(133.2) (133.3), ,
0 ' (133.1),
(133.4)
(133.5)
, , , . .
(133.6)
c , . c ( ), ( ).
(133.6), (133.4)
(133.7)
(133.8)
. (133.8) (133.7), (109.3) = m 0 m , .
- ( 104 106), m . , . , c<0 m <1, c>0 m >1.
( ) (118.1):
I I' ( ) ( ), L. , , , . , , , ( ), , .
, J L , :