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N
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k =1
(h × g) k -1 m k.
(3)
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M = N.
no
(4)
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T = RC
-
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R = 108 ¸1010
C = 20
T = (108 ¸1010) ×20 ×10-12 = (10-4 ¸10-2) .
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n
I II III
U U
U U
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n ,
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n = N / t, N ,
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UK
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: s =
No.
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No,
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s= N.
(6)
(6) , , ( 68%), -
N - N
< N < N + N.
-
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N N
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N = 102
10%,
N = 104
1% (, -
).
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n
n = N / t.
|
= n,
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s 1
= n = =
n n N
1.
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(8) :
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n).
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nu
nu = n - n f,
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n n f
.
n -
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f (x 1, x 2,... xk)
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z
i =1
(df dxi
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i
(10)
(9) (10) , s
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nu
s = s2 +s2,
(11)
nu n n f
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f
( + ); t f
.
d
|
n + n f
t t f
=.
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n - n f
(12)
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u u
,
T = t + t f,
(13)
n n f
.
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t = n.
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t f n f
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|
n = 100 c -1,
n , -
.
: t
t f, -
d d (d £d
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n n f
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(13) d
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,
= d (12).
n + n f× n
t ³,
(15)
|
n f+
t ³
n f× n
,
(16)
|
t t f
d0.
-
. ( , - ..). (10).