, 1986 Drexel . . , , , . .
, , The Washington Post", 1986 . , , , , , . , . , . , , .
1 , Grant's Interest Rate Observer, 1984 . -, , , : , , , . , , ( ) , , , , , , .
-, , ( ),
, . -, , , , . , 1984 , ... , , " .
, Drexel Metromedia Broadcasting Corporation 1,3 ( ), . , ( ): . , , Metromedia ( 155/8% ).
. 1985 Metromedia ( ). 650 . , 650 . , , , , , .
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-Metromedia 1,93 Storer Communications. Metromedia, Storer , Metromedia, ( ) .
. ( ) , . Drexel ( ) ,
, 11
. , 1985 1986 , .
1986 . , , , : , , , .
, , 1982 45% ( ), 1986 68% . , - " (Investing in Junk Bonds), , , 1978-1984 , 1985 . Standard and Poor's 1986 Business Week, .
, , . 1985-1986 50 , 11% 1982 24% 1985-. ( 20 , 1985-1986 .) 15 1985 125 1986 .
, , . 1978-1985 1,222%. 1982 3,12%, 1985 1,68%. 1986 LTV Corporation, -
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1986 3,394%. 1982 1970 Drexel Firestone . 1985 992 , 1986 3,2 .
LTV, Drexel, a Lehman, . ; , 20 . , , . , LTV.
, LTV , . LTV , , . Drexel , LTV 11 , , Drexel 1986 , : .
, 1986 -, , , - . , . 1,7 . / 1985 71,4% 35,3% 1961, 46,7% 1971, 91,1% 1974 70% 1981-. , , . -- .
, 11
: , - , ; - , , , . , - - ; . , - . Drexel. Drexel 1987 , 1985-1987 - 22 99 .
, , ; , , , . , , , Drexel - , , - . - , , ,
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1986 - -. , -| , . , , . Forbes 1984 ( , , ) ) , , - , . Business Week, , - , ..,
- " . Institutional Investor: .
- , The Economist, 1986 . . , , , , . , , ( ), .
. , , 22- Drexel Firestone . , , , . 1986 , , , ( ).
: , , , , . , ; , , , -, , -, , -, .
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. . . , , .
, -, 1986 -
, 11
, . , , , .
... , " (The Giant") [sic!] , , ... , , . , , . - , , . [ ]? , , , , ... , ... , .
, , , ; . , , .
10-12 , . Exxon , , . Standard
11 of California -
American Metal Climax , ,
12 . Allantic Richfield
. , -
, . -
, .
/ . , Columbia Savings First Executive, , , , , - , , . :
, Forbes" , , Pantry Pride, , ... - , , MacAndrews and Forbes Wilbur Chocolates, , Technicolor , , Pantry Pride... , 3,75 , 11-12 . ? , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , ...
Forbes" ( ) , Triangle, (, ) National Can ... , Drexel Burnham, ... - - 100 490 . , 1986 , , , 140150 , .
, , . : ?. , , , .
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, - -. 1977 , . , . 1980-1981 Drexel , -. LBO
, 11
, Drexel, .
1986 Beatrice , -. 50 , 32 ? , - . , 70 . 70 .
30-50 , Beatrice. , , , Beatrice. , Tropicana", Samsonite" [ Beatrice]. 300-400 . 12 220 . A Esmark [ Beatrice] 23 .
. , . ; , . LidpatTCfl . , , , , . , , , , , , -, .
, - , , , .
12
1986 . , 3-4% , , . . , , .
. , . ; , , , , . Drexel , . , , - ( ), , , , , , 25, 50, 100 . .
1985 Drexel GAF -, , , Union Carbide GAF. Drexel 3,5 .
, Union Carbide (-
, 12
) 250 . , , , . Drexel , Union Carbide.
, GAF, , . , . , , , , , , , , Carbide. , , , . , .
. , 1986 . , , .
First Executive Columbia Savings , . 1986 Columbia, 10,2 . , 60% First Executive. . (, , , Columbia Savings - , .)
, . , 50 200 , - . , , American General, 1978 , Caywood-Cristian ( - ). , - Citibank ( , -, , ), ( First Executive) Trust Company of the West. , First Investors ( , , 1978 , 500 ), 1986 Solomon Asset Management .
, . , , . . , .
1977 , Fidelity Fund . 1983 First Investors, , 1985 . , , - ( Drexel) , Drexel . , 1985 , Shenkman Capital Management; Drexel 24% . 1986 Shenkman Capital Management 500 .
, Drexel Fins-bury Winchester Recovery. , - ( ). 50%
, 12
Finsbury. , Drexel , .
, (, ), ( -) Drexel -, - . 300- Coastal, - -. Drexel , . . , , , : , ".
-, . Equitable, 1986 , .
( Drexel Firestone) , III, 1984 Drexel Bass Investment Limited Partnership (Bass ILP), , . - . Drexel, , ( 1985 ). 1986 , LBO.
1978 . 1985 - Pacific Asset Holdings. 30 , 40 Drexel Burnham 45 . , 500 Drexel Pacific Asset .
Pacific Asset ILP , , Drexel . Pacific Asset, , , ( )- Ͱ , , '
, , .
, Pacific Belvedere, , . , , , , . 1985 , , . , , : , . , , . , , Otter Greek, ( ), . : . .
, , Drexel. , , , III.
Drexel Firestone, , 1982 Drexel ( ), . : , , , 22906,25 .
, , , Schroder Capital Management. , , , - Schroder , , . Drexel. , . . , , .
, 12
1984 Drexel Atlantic Capital, , Phillips, National Can, Revlon. 725 , Drexel Revlon, Atlantic Capital ( ) 130 . 3,5 , Union Carbide, Atlantic Capital 155 . , Atlantic Capital . Drexel 1985 , .
Atlantic Capital , Drexel . , , , Atlantic Capital. ( Revlon Atlantic Capital Corporation Worldwide Trading, SSC III Corporation, Garrison Capital Corporation First Oak Financial Corporation Atlantic.)
(1984-1985 ) Atlantic Capital - . First Executive , , , . 1986 - ( Executive Life - ) , .
Columbia Savings . 1986 , . , . Atlantic Capital .
Atlantic Capital , Shearson.
, , , . , ( , ). , , , . , . ( 10%) ( , 30 ).
, , , . . , , .
, 1981 Clarendon. -, Kansa General Insurance Company; Kansa Clarendon 35%. , Kansa First Stratford, , 1982 First Executive. , Kansa Standard and Poor's. , Atlantic Capital Clarendon: Atlantic , Clarendon , Kansa.
. . -, , . 1982 , . , Drexel. ,
, 12
1984 , . , , , , .
1984 ( ). 400500 (100 ), 1000. 8%, , 13-18%. . Drexel , Clarendon. , Drexel, , , .
. , Shearson Atlantic, , 70 , , , 10 . , , -". . 1985 , Drexel - . , .
, . . Atlantic Capital. , , Atlantic Capital, , . , , , .
: [Atlantic Capital] ; . . , 1985
: , ?", : ". , - , , .
, , FGIC (Financial Guarantee Insurance Company), , Atlantic, . FGIC, Atlantic 300 . Atlantic , , . - , , , , Atlantic Capital (, , ) ( ).
", . , . , , , , [ ], . , , " .
1985 . Standard and Poor's Kansa . Atlantic Capital ( ) 1985 . , Kansa Clarendon, Kansa Clarendon. ( ), , , . 1986 Standard and Poor's Kansa ( ) Atlantic Capital . Standard and Poor's , , Kansa -
, 12
, : , Kansa General Clarendon Group, , , , . , , 1987 , .
1986 Clarendon. 1986 - Princeville Development Corporation, ( Garrison Capital Corporation, Clarendon), ( Trafalgar Holdings) .
Garrison, , , , , Princeville. , , , ( ), 40 90% . , , Princeville ... , , .
Atlantic Capital . , Atlantic Capital , . , , , , . , , , . , , .
13
, 1973-1977 , , . , . , , , : , . , , , , . . , , . , .
, . , , , , , . Drexel, : [ ] , ?".
, Sun Chemical Corporation, , Rapid-American . , Schrafft's",
, 13
[ ], , . . , , , , .
, , 15 : -, , .
, Sun Chemical , 1978 50 . . , , , , : .
. 1986 Drexel . , , , . . , , Revlon , : , ?! , , ?". , , " .
Ilebepnueib - , , . , 1986 , . , , n-heimer, . ". : , , ?". : ".
- - : , , , - .
60-70% , . , , , , , Drexel, . , , ( ) - . , , , . , ? , . , .
1985 Morgan Stanley ; 1983 1986 People Express 540 . 1986 , People 35% , Morgan . People . , ( ), : Morgan? ! , ? . . -. . , : , . ".
1985 . , , , . : . , , 1983 GAF 1985 . , , ( , ). 1985 , 130- GAF.
, United Brands, * , ,
, 13
. , , Drexel. , . , , , , , , .
, Drexel . , , GAF , , . , , . , , , GAF .
115 . , , , . , , 200 , " . , , ( ) . GAF 3/8- ; ", . A Drexel , , . , .
, , . 3,5 GAF Union Carbide : . , , . (, , ), , Union Carbide Drexel, Drexel ( -
, , , ) 15% .
1986 , -, Drexel 150 . , . . , , , . ( - ), .
Drexel , . 1983-1984 , , LBO, . , , , . Drexel ( ) . , , .
Drexel , , , Citicorp Ventures, Drexel LBO. Drexel , , . Drexel , , . : , , Levitz, Saveway. . , . , -.
Levitz, , : ". ? Drexel. , , - . , , Citibank, - --
, 13
. . , : , , , .
Drexel: : ', 25% , ". . , : ", , , .
, , , , , . , 1985 Merrill Lynch Home Insurance 200 14,5-14,75% ( ). , Drexel 250 14%. , [ Home Insurance] : ", Merrill. American Financial [ ], 20-25% . . Merrill 285 14,75%.
, , . , " ? , , -, , , , , .
. , , , , . ' : , , ( ) . - Business Week, 70% ( , ). , -
100 . Drexel : 125 25 . 15%. , , , 15%". .
, Green Tree Acceptance ( , ), , , , , . 1985 Green Tree Drexel . Midwest Federal Savings and Loan Association, Green Tree 71%, , 50% Green Tree. , Green Tree , Drexel .
, , ( 1985 ) , 13D: Columbia Savings, Strong Capital Management, Martin Sosnoff Reliance Insurance Company. Reliance: 9,3%, , 1984 Disney. , , Drexei, , , , , ,