who [] , , , , , .
:
-H | |||||||
-i | IDLE | ||||||
-q | , ; | ||||||
-T | -s, STATE, :
| ||||||
-s | NAME, LINE TIME; |
passwd
ps [] []:
a | ||
e | ||
l |
echo [-n] []
:
-n
cd.
..
`expr ` expr , . . . , shell' , . ( \). , , .
expr ( ):
\| | |
, ; - . | |
\& | |
, ; - 0. | |
{ =, \>, \>=, \<, \<=,!= } | |
- , ; - . , 1; - 0. | |
{ +, - } | |
. | |
{ \*, /, % } | |
, . : b=190 a=` expr 200 - $b` |
man , , q.
|
|
: | |
- | , , . |
-f | . |
-m | , . |
-M | : "JAN" < "FEB" <... < "DEC" ( ). 3- , "JAN". |
-n | : , (, ) . |
-o | , . |
-r | . |
-u | . |