‑ : , , , .
- , , () .
, .
, , - , , . -, , .
, .
, .
‑ , , . , - - , , .
(2,3,5- (), ( ().
, : , , . , ., .
p- , , .
, .
. .
. . , ; - .
|
|
:
C (. 8); 10%- 2O2; .
. 8 ‑ :
1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1. 1 100 3, 0,5 3.
2. 1,7 3 10%- .
3. 4 3 .
4. , , . . . .
5. , , . , . , .
6. 1 18-200.
7. (3) , 1 . 5%.
8. .
9. . 15 .
15 ‑
, 2 3/ 1 | , 10 24 | , 1 24 | , NH4, 10 24 | , 23 10 1 | |
< 1 | <1 | <5 | <3 | <0,5 | |
1-3 | 1-3 | 5-15 | 3-10 | 0,5-1,5 | |
3-10 | 3-10 | 15-50 | 10-30 | 1,5-5,0 | |
10-30 | 10-30 | 50-150 | 30-100 | 5-15 | |
>30 | >30 | > 150 | > 100 | > 15 |
, , :
; ; 0,1 ; 1 %- 2,3,5- (); 3; ; ().
1. - 1 , 10 ( ) 3, 1 3 0,1 1 3 1%- ; .
2. 10-12 . . 2-3 . 300 24 .
3. 3-4 25 3 . 5 . . .
4. (500-600 ).
|
|
5. . 0,1 1 3. ( 5 ). : 500-600 - .
6. . . 15 .
(X) 10 :
, (12)
V ‑ , 25 3;
10 ‑ , ;
v ‑ , 1 3;
‑ , , /3. ‑ 8 %.
, , :
; 5%- ; ( 4,7); ; : ‑ 40 CuSO4×52 1 3, , ‑ 200 (4H4O6KNa×42) , 150 1 3
1. 50 3 5 , 10 3 5%- , 10 ( 4,7) 5-6 .
2. , , 300 24 .
3. 25 3. .
4. 6 3 , 3 3 3 3 , 10 . .
5. , . , 630 , 1 .
6. : 6 1 3. . : ‑ 1 3.
7. . 15 .
(X) 1 24 :
X = , (13)
‑ , , /3;
m ‑ , 5 ;
V ‑ , 25 3;
v ‑ , , 6 3.
‑ 5 %.
, , :
; 2%- ( = 6,7); 50%- ; 50%- CCl3COOH ( ); 1%- 1; ; NH4C1.
1. 5 - 100 3, 20 3 2%- ( 6,7) 200 .
2. 370 4 .
3. 1 3 50%- .
4. 50 3 1 . .
5. .
6. 2 3 50 3, 30 3, 2 3 50%- 2 3 . , 400 .
|
|
7. . NH4C1 0,005 N-NH4 1 3. . .
8. .
9. . 15 .
(X) N-NH4 1 4 :
X = , (14)
‑ , , /3;
V ‑ , 50 3;
m , 5 .
:
1. ?
2. .
3. .
4. ?
5. .
6. .
1 ‑ -
: | |
Sphaerotilus natans | |
Beggiatoa sp. | |
Thiothrix sp. | |
: | |
Leptomitus lacteus | α |
Mucor racemosus | α |
Fusarium aquaeductum | |
: | |
-: | |
Anabaena flos aquae | β |
Microcystis aeruginosa | β |
Aphanizomenon flos aquae | β |
Oscillatorla tenuis | α |
- | |
Cymbella cesati | |
Oomphonema cevli | |
Melostra granulata | β |
Navicula angustata | α |
Navicula apiculata | α |
Synedra acus | β |
Synedra ulna | β |
Nitzschia palea | α |
: | |
Euglena acus | β |
Euglena viridis | |
Euglena deses | α |
: | |
Volvox globator | -β |
Ankistrodesmus falcatus | β-α |
Crucigenta rectangularis | -β |
Scenedesmus quadricauda | β |
Draparnaldia sp. | |
Ulothrix zonata | |
Stlgeoclonium tenue | α |
: | |
: | |
Pelornyxa palustris |
: | |
Colpidium, campylum | p |
Colpldlum colpoda | p |
Euplotes charon | β |
Chllodon cucullulus | p |
Opercularia coaretata | α |
Paramecium caudatum | α |
Spirostomum amblguum | α |
Stentor coeruleus | α |
Vortlcella convallarla | α |
Vorticella microstoma | p |
Podophrya fixa | α |
: | |
Kellcottia longispina (syn. Notholca Iongispina) | |
Keratella cochlearls | β |
Keratella quadrata | β |
Leucane lunarls (syn. Monostyla lunarls) | β |
Rotaria rotatoria (syn. Rotifer vulgaris) | α |
: | |
Limnodrilus hofmelsterl | p |
Tub if ex tublfex | p |
Stylarla lacustris | β |
: | |
Daplmla magna | α |
Daphnla pulex | α |
Leptodora Kindtli | |
Eudiaptomus gracilis | o |
Astacus fluviatilis | o |
: | |
Caenls macrura | o |
Heptagenia coerulana | β |
Chironomus Plumosus | |
: | |
: | β |
β | |
o | |
β-α |
2 ‑ 100
100 | |||
1- | |||
1 2- 2 10 30 60 60 | 1 2- 2 10 50 250 250 | 1-50 50-200 200-1000 1000-5000 5000-25000 25000 | |
2- | |||
1 20- 1 5- 1 3 6 6 | 2 20 1 5 1 5 25 25 | 1-5 6-20 21-100 100-500 500-2500 2500 | |
3- | |||
1 100 1 50 1 10 1 4 1 2 1 | 1 100 1 50 1 10 12 2 2 | 3-10 10-50 50-200 200 |
|
|
13.
, h | |||||||
: | 0,1 2 | ||||||
1 | 1-5 | ||||||
4-10 | |||||||
4-10 | 11-50 | ||||||
10-20 | 50-150 | ||||||
20-40 | 150-500 | ||||||
40-100 | 500 | ||||||
- | o | - | α | ||||
- | β | p | |||||
: . ________________ : .
s | h | sft | |
Euglena viridis | p | ||
Scenedesmus acuminatus | β | ||
Spirogyra sygmoidea | β | ||
Closterium acerosum | α | ||
Closterium moniliierum | β | ||
Cyclotella menengiana | α | ||
Cymbella vesiculosa | β | ||
Diatoma vulgare | β | ||
Melosira italica | β | ||
Melosira varians | β | ||
Navicula cryptocephala | α | ||
Navicula viridua | α | ||
Nitzschia acicularis | β | ||
Nitzschia palea | α | ||
Surirella ovata | β | ||
Chilidonella cuculata | α | ||
Colpoda cuculus | α | ||
Sh=41 | S(sh)=103 |
Shp=3; Shα=15; Shβ=23.
S=S(sh)/(Sh)-103/41=2,51/
:
95%.
S=st0,05sS=2,512,02×0,1;
S=2,510,2.