. 3-
.
Present Process + result.......................................................................................................... 4
Process / process + result........................................................................................................ 7
Was / Were ( to be )............................................................ 10
There was / There were........................................................................................................... 12
past typical.............................................................................................................................. 14
Past process............................................................................................................................. 19
Present result.......................................................................................................................... 21
................................................................................................................ 22
Countries and cities............................................................................................................... 25
........................................................................................................ 28
To be used to / Get used to..................................................................................................... 33
Used to...................................................................................................................................... 35
As things stand now / At first.............................................................................................. 37
At least / In my opinion.......................................................................................................... 40
In other words / To say the truth........................................................................................ 43
On the contrary / As a matter of fact................................................................................. 45
thus / if i'm not mistaken...................................................................................................... 47
......................................................................................................... 50
verbs with prepositions......................................................................................................... 52
Present Process + Result
Present Process + Result , , .
1 - , have/has been+Ving
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2 , , . have/has been+Ving
3 have/has
4 not have/has
! | I have been waiting here for 2 hours! | |
. | We have been preparing for our exam since morning | |
. , ? | I smell tobacco. Have you been smoking? | |
? | Has she been using my car again since the morning? | |
1993 . | It has not been snowing here since 1993. | |
, . | The workers have been trying to move our wardrobe for half an hour, help them. | |
. | I have been reading the book for a month | |
. | Hes been writing the article the whole day | |
. | He has been playing football the whole day | |
. | Weve been playing basketball for three hours | |
. | Ive been working for the same company for twelve years. | |
? | What have you been doing lately? | |
We have been staying here all this week | ||
, . | Ive been waiting the whole evening to talk to you | |
? | How long have you been studying Spanish? | |
? | How long has he been living in Moscow? | |
, . . | Sorry Im late. Ive been talking on the phone | |
() . | I have been working hard the whole week | |
Rose and Emma have been working here since July. | ||
. | Ive been doing my work for three weeks | |
BBC? | Since when has she been working for BBC? | |
c . | Josh and Mary have been living together since last summer. | |
() . | Ive been looking for you for an hour | |
He s been frying the fish for three hours. | ||
() 1975 . | I have been living in Kiev since 1975. | |
. | My son has been washing the dog for an hour! | |
, | Ive been waiting for someone like you | |
? . | Where have you been? Ive been looking for you everywhere | |
. | I have been learning how to play chess for three years now | |
We have been staying in this hotel nearly a month | ||
, - | How many centuries have we been waiting for someone else to make us free? | |
She has been cooking dinner for three hours | ||
. | I have been reading this book since the beginning of summer | |
. | Excuse my appearance. I have been fixing/repairing my car | |
? | How long has she been dating with your brother? | |
C ? | Since when have you been starring in films? | |
, . | He has been sitting in the living-room since he came. | |
, . | I have been reading this magazine since I bought it a week ago | |
. . | The streets are wet. It has been raining all the morning | |
! ? | Look at you! What have you been doing? | |
12 | I've been working for the same company for twelve years | |
2 ( ) | I've been painting these two rooms since lunchtime | |
? . | Why are you so hot? I've been playing football | |
1931 . | This Station has been functioning since 1931. | |
. | He has been working at his subject for four years. | |
! . | Here you are at last! I have been looking for you. | |
We have not been living here for three years. | ||
6 ? | Has the child been sleeping since 6 o'clock? | |
? . | What have you been doing here since early morning?- I have been preparing for my examination | 3,2 |
? | How long have you been sitting here? |
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Process / Process + result
. | He is sleeping. | |
3 . | He has been sleeping since 3 oclock. | |
. | My mother is resting (having a rest). | |
. | My boss has been resting (having a rest) for a month | |
. | My friends have been resting abroad since the beginning of March. | |
. | The chef is cooking a new dish. | |
. | Father has been cooking breakfast for mother since morning. | |
. | He has been cooking for half a day already. | |
. | My neighbors are celebrating their son's birthday. | |
. | My neighbors have been celebrating their son's birthday for three days. | |
. | My neighbors have been celebrating their son's birthday since Friday. | |
. | He is playing a computer game. | |
. | Hes been playing this computer game for 5 hours. | |
. | Hes been playing this computer game since 5 oclock. | |
. | Im peeling vegetables. | |
. | Ive been peeling vegetables for half an hour. | |
. | Ive been peeling vegetables since 3 oclock. | |
. | They are working at a new project. | |
. | They have been working on a new project for six month. | |
. | Theyve been working on a new project since the beginning of the year. | |
. | My girlfriend is chatting with a German. | |
. | They have been chatting for two years already. | |
, . | They have been chatting since they met at the Internet two years ago. | |
. | Im waiting for boarding. | |
. | Ive been waiting for boarding for 4 hours already. | |
. | Ive been waiting for boarding since morning already. | |
. | Hes choosing a hot dish in the menu. | |
20 , . | Hes been choosing what he will (is going to eat) eat for 20 minutes already. | |
, , , . | Hes been choosing what he will eat (is going to eat) since he came to the restaurant. | |
. | Im not surfing the internet. | |
. | I have not been surfing the internet for six month already. | 2,4 |
. | I have not been surfing the internet since the beginning of last year. | 3,4 |
. | Im standing in the line (am queuing) for the check-in | |
I've been standing in the line (am queuing) for the check-in for an hour already. | ||
. | I've been standing in the line (am queuing) for the check-in since 2 oclock. | |
. | Im not reading a newspaper now. | |
. | I have not been reading newspapers for several years already. | 2,4 |
, . | I havent been reading newspapers since I bought the computer. | 3,4 |
. | They are dancing tango. | |
. | They have been dancing tango for four o'clock | |
, . | They havent been dancing tango since they quarreled (argued). | 3,4 |
. | I'm building a new house in the country | |
. | I've been building a new house in the country for two years already. | |
, . | I've been building a new house in the country since my old house burned down. | |
. | Im taking the subway (going by subway/on a train) | |
. | Ive been getting to your place for two hours already | |
. | Im learning Spanish | |
. | Ive been learning Spanish for six months already | |
. | Ive been learning Spanish since the beginning of May | |
. | We've been going down this road for the second day already | |
. | They have been following us since morning. | |
- . | Someone is following us. | |
- . | A man (some man) is standing near my car. | |
- . | A lady (some lady) has been walking around our area (ground) for half an hour already | |
- . | Some people have been crowding(in the street)outside our house since morning | |
. . | I'm so tired. I have been walking around the city since morning | |
. | They are still walking around the city. | |
, . | My uncle has been walking around the city since he came to visit us. | |
? | Are you walking the dog? | |
? | How long have you been walking the dog? | |
? | How long have you been living here? | |
. | They have not been using public transport for two years already. | 2, 4 |
Ive been trying to find the hotel for the whole day | ||
Sally is doing her homework at the moment. | ||
I have been living in England for the last eight years. | ||
? | Are you using this dictionary? | |
Im listening to Mozart now | ||
? | Why are you laughing? | |
. | I have not been waiting for you for two hours | |
. | Radio is not (isnt) working. | |
He has been playing football for the whole day | ||
, | I have been reading this magazine since I bought it a week ago | |
. | We have been staying in this hotel for nearly a month |
1 , , is,am,are+Ving
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2 - , have(has) been+Ving
3 - , - have(has) been+Ving
4 not have(has)
5 have(has)
Was / Were ( to be )
. | I was at home. | I . => was |
. | He was in the club last night. | He . => was |
. | She was at the shop yesterday. | She . => was |
. | I was at the cinema last Monday. | I . => was |
. | It was a very good film. | It . => was |
. | You were in the library. | You . => were |
. | We were at/in the Zoo yesterday. | We . => were |
. | You were at the museum last week. | You . => were |
. | They were at the swimming-pool. | They . => were |
. | My parents were at/in the supermarket yesterday. | Parents(they) . => were |
. | I was a seller five years ago. | I . => was |
. | She was at/in the café in the morning. | She . => was |
. | The children were in the park. | Children(they) . => were |
. | You were at/in the toy shop. | You . => were |
. | The shoes were very expensive. | Shoes(they) . => were |
. | I wasn't at the cinema yesterday. | : I . => wasnt |
. | My dog wasn't in the park. | : Dog (it) . => wasnt |
. | Mum and Dad werent at/in the restaurant. | : Mum and Dad(they) . => werent |
. | She wasn't at home last Sunday. | : She . => wasnt |
. | He was at work last weekend. | He . => was |
. | We were at the theatre yesterday. | We . => were |
. | I wasn't at the post office yesterday. | : I . => wasnt |
. | You werent in the centre in the morning. | : You . => werent |
There was / there were
. | There was an apple in the fridge. | There was (an apple - . ) |
. | There was a fly in my soup. | There was (a fly - . ) |
. | There was a woman in the park. | There was (a woman - . ) |
. | There was water in the bottle. | There was (water - . ) |
. | There was a cake on the plate in the morning. | There was (a cake - . ) |
. | There was a good film on TV yesterday evening. | There was (a film - . ) |
. | There were four rooms in the house. | There were (rooms - . ) |
. | There were many people in the hotel. | There were (people - . ) |
. | There were two waiters in the restaurant. | There were (waiters - . ) |
. | There were a lot of books in the bag. | There were (books - . ) |
28 . | There were 28 days in February. | There were (days - . ) |
50 . | There were about fifty people at the party last week. | There were (people - . ) |
18- . | There was a church here in XVIII century. | There was (a church - . ) |
. | There wasn't any milk in the shop. | There wasn't (milk - . ) |
. | There were two children in the car. | There were (children - . ) |
. | There were no books on the shelf. | There were no (books - . ) |
. | There was a bear in your garden last night. | There was (a bear - . ) |
There were many fountains in this park 10 years ago. | There were (fountains - . ) | |
. | There were four tigers in the zoo five months ago. | There were (tigers - . ) |
. | There were three new words in the text. | There were (words - . ) |
. | There wasnt a bridge on this river. | There wasn't (a bridge - . ) |
. | There was no money in my pocket. | There was no (money - . ) |
. | There were two cars in the garage. | There were (cars - . ) |
. | There was water on the floor. | There was (water - . ) |
. | There was a table and four chairs in the kitchen. | There was (a table - . ) |
. | There were four chairs and a table in the kitchen. | There were (chairs - . ) |
Past Typical
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. | We played football yesterday at the stadium. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | He called your mother last week. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | She wanted to write this letter 2 days ago. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | They discussed this topic on Monday. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
3 . | He worked as an economist in a big company 3 years ago. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | She cleaned the room last weekend. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | Yesterday we visited our grandmother. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | I listened to music and washed the dishes. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
5 . | He studied biology at the University 5 years ago. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | She watched this movie on Saturday. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | He liked swimming in the swimming pool. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | The builders repaired our neighbors old garage. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | She was in Cyprus last summer. | : ___ + was/were(to be) |
! | It was an excellent vacation! | : ___ + was/were(to be) |
. | We opened the door and came into the apartment. | : ___ + Ved/2 |
. | The accountant didnt check these documents. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
. | My co-workers didnt visit the Tretyakov Gallery. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
. | You didnt phone your grandmother last week. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
. | Her mother was not in London last spring. | : ___ + wasn't/weren't(to be) |
. | Our experts didnt discuss this topic on Monday. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
, . | The journalist didnt pack his luggage when he was in the airport. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
. | My father didnt work in the insurance company. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
, . | You didnt jump on the bed when you were small. | : ___ + didnt + V! |
? | Did you visit the Tretyakov Gallery? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Were you in the swimming pool yesterday? | : Was/were + ___? (to be) |
? | Were your friends in Turkey last summer? | : Was/were + ___? (to be) |
? | Was he at the theatre last month? | : Was/were + ___? (to be) |
? | Did you like his new furniture? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did the traffic light work? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did your boss check the report for the investor? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | When did you visit your grandma? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | How many gifts did they present you last Christmas? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where did they work last year? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | When did they play football? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where was the entrance? | : ?-word + was/were +___? |
? | What dessert did you order? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | When did she book the room? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Why did you dismiss the economist? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
2 ? | Who worked as an accountant in this company 2 years ago? | : Who + Ved/2? |
? | When did she clean the room? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
There was a wardrobe in the corner of the room | there was .. there were . . | |
We didnt listen to the teacher and didnt prepare for the test | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
, . | She didnt check the report because she didnt have time./she had no time | : ___ + didnt + V! |
. | I closed the window and turned off the light | : ___ + Ved/2 |
? | Why did you cry yesterday? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Who called my granny yesterday? | : Who + Ved/2? |
? | Who treated his dog? | : Who + Ved/2? |
We made dinner for our relatives last Sunday. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
He was a good employee and he got a good salary. | : ___ + was/were(to be) | |
We went to the cinema by bus. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
She cut vegetables for a salad. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
He dreamt to buy a new car. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
The dog lay on the sofa. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
He had two dogs and one cat. | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
She didnt know about the surprise. | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
I didnt understand the idea of the book. | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
Our boss didnt spend money on entertainments. | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
He didnt forget to bring a cake and flowers | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
She didnt lose the keys | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
This policeman didnt take bribes | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
, | The journalist didnt pack his luggage when he was in the airport | : ___ + didnt + V! |
? | Did he find his keys? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did you like his new furniture? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did the traffic light work? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did you have a good day? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did they see the final of the show? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did you go to the gym last week? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did they make a dinner for their relatives? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | Did he buy a car for his son? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
? | What did you do last summer? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | What did she read yesterday? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where did they build their summer house? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | When did they play football? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where was the entrance? | : ?-word + was/were +___? |
? | Who broke your toy? | : Who + Ved/2? |
? | When did she go to Finland? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where did she put her lipstick? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | How did you get to work? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | What did you say? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | How did she feel? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | When did you get the discharge pay? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Where did you have breakfast last weekend? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | What did she bring from Italy? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Why did not he sleep last night? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | How long did you do your homework? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
There was a wardrobe in the corner of the room | there was .. there were . . | |
They swam in the sea and dived | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
We didnt listen to the teacher and didnt prepare for the test | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
He didnt sing this song at the last concert | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
I closed the window and turned off the light | : ___ + Ved/2 | |
? | Why did you cry yesterday? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |
? | Did she see the solar eclipse on Friday? | : Did + ___ + V!? |
They didnt keep their money in a bank | : ___ + didnt + V! | |
? | Where did he find this telephone? | : ?-word + did +___+ V!? |