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THE CRIMINAL LOOK
Witnesses may pick out from an identification parade the person who most resembles their idea of what the criminal would look like, a conference organized by the British Psychological Society was told on Saturday. Mr. Ray Bull, a senior lecturer at the North East London Polytechnic, said research had shown that the public tended to link abnormal appearance with abnormalities of behavior. 'The public and police do agree about what face fits what crime,' he said. 'One apparently widely held belief is the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype. An individual's facial attractiveness has an effect on how threatening other people judge that person to be. I have found that the addition of one or two small scars to a face leads to that face being judged more dishonest.'
Those beliefs also influence length of sentence and verdict, he said. Research in mock-trial settings had shown that the more unattractive defendant was more heavily sentenced than one of attractive character and appearance. Mr. Bull, an expert on identification by witnesses, was addressing psychologists and lawyers at a conference in London held by Sir Brian MacKenna, a retired high court judge, on the role of psychology in the legal system.
For decades it had been known that people often do not see or hear things presented to their senses, but do 'see' and 'hear' things that have not occurred. But none of those factors meant that identification evidence was of little value. Laboratory research based on photographs had shown recognition rates were high, about 80 percent, even after delays of 35 days. But rates were lower when identification was tested in mock criminal episodes in the streets because of stress and inability of the witness to concentrate simultaneously on self-preservation and remembering details of the culprit. Law enforcement authorities should be more aware of the factors that influence memory and identification, Mr. Bull said. Apart from people's prejudices about the 'look' of a criminal, the factors included the way questions were asked.
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The Criminal Look - (. The Times) , . 1785 . Times Newspapers Limited News Corporation, ̸. .
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