. 5 .
:
1 1, 6, 11, 16, 21;
2 2, 7, 12, 17, 22;
3 3, 8, 13, 18, 23;
4 4, 9, 14, 19, 24;
5 5, 10, 15, 20, 25.
7 2 , . .. . 4, 8, 15, 42, 59 - 65, 77, 122
. .
.
I
1. 17 1,255 * 107 . , 35% ?
2. 12 3 1640. 8941 .
3. 1 , 0 448 . . 5,228 * 106 . --:
= 0,0284 *3/, b = 0,0219 3/
4.
226 = 24 + 22 + 2
. , , (/) 1560; 890,2; 1299,0; 285,9.
5. - ∆G0 :
322 = 66 + ∆G10
CO2 + 2NH3 = NH2-CO-NH2 + H2O + ∆G20
CH3-CH2-CH2OH = CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O + ∆G30
∆G0 :
| / | / | ||
| 22 | +209,7 | NH3 | - 16,55 |
| 66 | +123,48 | NH2-CO-NH2 | - 198,0 |
| 2 | - 394,89 | C3H7OH | - 171,4 |
| 2 | - 237, 5 | C3H6 | + 61,70 |
6. , NaCl 0,005 (0,5%). 1 /3.
7. :
+ 22 = 3 + 113,13
N2O4 = 2NO 56,98
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 + 92,18
N2+ O2 = 2NO 181,0
) ; ) ?
8. :
) 3 2 3
|
23
) 3͖2͖22 3
| |
3 222 3
3 3
| |
|
|
|
) 3 2 2 2 3
| |
3 3
) 3 2 2 3
| |
3 3
32 3 3
| | |
) 3 2і2і2͖3
| |
3 23
9. :
) 2,5-
) 4--3,5-
) 2,3,4-
) 5--2--3-
10. . , .
11.
12. , 50 48,5 1,5 . .
13. , 1% . , 2,345 2,312 . ?
II
1. 1. 400 300 3 . .
2. (25)2 1 3 , 20? 58950 .
3. 1 127, 500 3, -- - . --:
= 0,545 *3/, b = 0,0520 3/
4. 6 + 32 = 66, , (/) 285,0; 394,0; 3282,4.
5. ∆G0 :
4 + Cl2 = 3l ()+ l + ∆G0
∆0298 S0298.
| ∆0298, / | S0298, /* | |
| 4 | - 74,85 | 186,27 |
| Cl2 | 222,98 | |
| 3l | - 86,31 | 234,47 |
| l | - 92,31 | 186,79 |
6. 91%. 1,825 /3.
7.
PCl5 = PCl3 + Cl2
4HCl + O2 = 2H2O () + 2Cl2
C3H8 = C2H4 + CH4
CO + H2O () = CO2 + H2
MgCO3 = MgO + CO2
8. :
3
|
) 3 2 2 3
|
2 2 3
3 3
| |
) 3 ͖ 3
|
3
3 3
| |
) 3 2 3
|
2 3
) 3 2 2 2 2 3
|
2 2 3
|
2 3
) 2 3
|
3 2 ͖͖223
|
22 3
9. :
) 2,3,3,4,5-
) 3--4-
) 2,5--4--3-
) 3-
10. . , .
11. - .
12. , 50 48,5 1,5 . .
|
|
|
13. , 1% . , 2,345 2,312 . ?
III
1. .. 1,16 /3. 1,251 /3 00.
2. 1 3 270 . , 13320 , -500?
3. -- , 1 6,66*106 500 .
4. :
24 + 22() = 2 + 42
Fe3O4 + H2 = 3FeO + H2O (),
∆0298 (24) = 52,3 /, ∆0298(2())= - 285,83 /, ∆0298 () = -11,53 /, ∆0298 (2) = 0, ∆0298 (Fe3O4) = - 1117,13 /, ∆0298 (FeO) = - 264,85 /
5. ∆G0 24 + 2 = 25()
| ∆0298, / | S0298, /* | |
| 25() | -276,98 | 160,67 |
| 24 | 52,30 | 219,45 |
| 2 () | - 285,83 | 69,95 |
6. 245,7 1000 . 1,131 /. .
7.
N2 + 3H2= 2NH3
N2 + O2 =2NO
3= +2
CO2 + H2= CO + H2O
C4H10 = C4H8 + H2
8. :
) 2 3
|
3 2 ͖2223
3 3
| |
) 3 2 3
| |
3 3
32 3
| |
) 3 2і222͖3
|
3
) 3 2 2 2 3
|
2 3
|
2 3
) 2 3
|
3 ͖͖͖223
| |
3 2 2 3
9. :
) 2-
) 3,3--4-
) 2,3,4-
) 5--4-.
10. , , .
11. .
12. , 50 48,5 1,5 . .
13. , 1% . , 2,345 2,312 . ?
IV
1. 15. 450. , 9,8 *106 ? 4,8*106 .
2. 17 104000 624 3 1,560 . .
3. -- , 1 2 3 2,0265*106 .
4. , Q ∆0
Fe3O4 + = 3FeO +2,
∆0298(Fe3O4) = - 1117,13 /, ∆0298 (FeO) = - 264,85 /.
5. ∆G0 23 = 3- - 3 +2()
|
|
|
| ∆0298, / | S0298, /* | |
| 3--3 () | -217,57 | 294,93 |
| 3() | - 238,57 | 126,78 |
| 2 () | - 285,83 | 69,95 |
6. 7,2 NaOH, 1, 175 /.
7.
C4H10 = C2H4 + C2H6
H2 + I2 =2HI
3Fe + 4 H2O = Fe3O4 + 3H2
+ 3H2 =4 +H2O()
2+ H2O = H2CO3
8. :
3
|
) 3 2 2 3
|
2 3
) 3 3
|
3 2 3
|
3 2 3
3 3 3
| | |
) 3 і 2 2
| | |
3 3 3
3 3
| |
) 3 2 2 3
) 3 2 ͖ 2 2 3
|
2 2
|
3
9. :
) 3,3-
) 3--4,5-
) 2,5--4-
) 2,3,3,4,5-
10. . .
11. .
12. , 50 48,5 1,5 . .
13. , 1% . , 2,345 2,312 . ?
V
1. .. 1, 251 /3. , 00 5 /3.
2. 150 100500 15 . .. . 287 /(*).
3. 1 1000, 1 , -- . . --:
= 0,676 *3/, b = 0,0565 3/
4. +2S = CS2, :
S + O2 = SO2 + 297,5 /
CS2 + 3O2 = CO2 + 2SO2 +1109,9 /
C + O2 = 394,0 /
5. ∆G0 : 3--3 ()+ 42 = 32 + 32 () + ∆G0
∆0298 S0298
| ∆0298, / | S0298, /* | |
| 3--3 () | -217,57 | 294,93 |
| 2 | 205,04 | |
| 2 | - 393,51 | 213,66 |
| 2 () | - 285,83 | 69,95 |
6. , 2SO4 0,48 (48%). 1,380 /3.
7.
NH4Cl = NH3 + HCl Q
2H2S = 2H2 + S2 () 41,9
2CO + 2H2 = CH4 + CO2 + Q
MgCO3 = MgO + CO2 Q
H2 + I2 () = 2HI 51,8
) ; ) ?
8. :
3
|
) 3 2 2 3
|
2 2 3
3 3
| |
) 3 ͖ 3
|
3
3 3
| |
) 3 2 3
|
|
|
|
2 3
) 3 2 2 2 2 3
|
2 2 3
|
2 3
) 2 3
|
3 2 ͖͖223
|
22 3
9. :
) 2,3,3,4,5-
) 3--4-
) 2,5--4--3-
) 3-
10. , .
11. ?
12. , 50 48,5 1,5 . .
13. , 1% . , 2,345 2,312 . ?
.
1. .
2. -, - .
3. .
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5. .
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9. ?
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13. .
14. ?
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16. .
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18. , ?
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20. ?
21. , .
22. . , , ?
23. ?
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32. .
33. .
