( ,
3
. .
.
( . .)
2009
-5-6
.
, [5], [6, c.7, .3.1 3.2].
, , [5, c.7]
P = P nom C p, (1.18)
P nom = P ¢= ;
C p [5, c.25]: , k = : C p =;
P = = .
P = n 1 = -1 [5, c.24] ().
1.13. [5, c.22], ( 1.7)
() | ||
1 W P, | ||
2 W, | ||
3 , | ||
4 y 0, | 2,8 | 4,0 |
5 , 2 | ||
6 1 m , | 0,1 | 0,18 |
7 d 1min, | ||
8 | II | II |
1.7. | 1.8. | : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 |
1284.396 [5, c.9]
0,7 (d 1 + d 2 ) < < 2 (d 1 + d 2 )
0,7 d 1(1 + i) < < 2 d 1(1 + i), (1.19)
i = 1,56 ( 1.3 u ¢) .
¢ = .
(1.19) i = 1,56 ¢ =
< d 1 < .
, d 1min = 90 125 , d 1 , .. d 1£ d 30 (d 30 = 246 ). (< ) . , , .
, :
d 1, | |||
d 2¢= i d 1_, | 218,4 | 249,6 | 280,8 |
d 2 , |
|
|
, ¢ = 420 .
1.14.
1.14. ()
d 1 , | - | ||||
1 i | d 2 / [ d 1(1 - x)] | 1,62 | 1,58 | 1,57 | x = 0,01 |
2 v 1, /c | p d 1 n 1 / (6×104) | 10,48 | 11,98 | 13,48 | |
3 a1, | 180 57(d 2 d 1) / a _ | 168,6 | 167,8 | 166,4 | > 110 0 |
4 : w q L P¢, L P, | p (d 1 + d 2) | ||||
(d 2 d 1)2 / 4 | |||||
2 + w + q / .. | = 420 | ||||
5 m, -1 | 103 v 1 / L P | 5,24 | 5,65 | 6,02 | < 20 |
6 - a nom, | 0,25 [ L P - w + Ö (L P - w)2 - 8 q ] | £ ¢= 426 | |||
7 , : D1, ; D2, : () D, () | |||||
³ S 1 L P | S 1 = 0,025 | ||||
³ S 2 L P + 2 W P | S 2 = 0,009 | ||||
³ D1 + D2 | |||||
, :
2000 II 1284.1-89, = 3, d 1 = 140 , d 2 = 224 ,
i =, a nom = . D = (D1 = +50 , D2 = 40 ), Lh = .
1.5.6
1.9 [5, c.29] {5, c.18] .
1.9
D 0 = dd 2 (h + d) = 2 (+) = | 9 ]5, c.29] : wd = ; b min = - b = ; h min = h = ; e = ; f min = ; r = dd = d 2 = a = 38 0,5 0 = (n 1)e + 2 f = ( 1) + + = ; de = dd + 2 b = + 2× = . : de = < 250 : d¢ = (0,88...1,0) h = , d = ; ¢ = (1,2...1,3)d = |
d = 32 (. .1.4). ; d = , [7, c.429] d = [7, c.431]. :
d ¢ = 1,55 d = 1,55× =, d = ;
l ¢ = (1,2...1,5) d = , l = .
(D 0 d ) / 2 = () / 2 = 4 d 0 = .
50895-96.
|
|
,
= 1 2 3 £ [ T ],
1 , : 1 = 1;
2 : 2 = 1,2;
3 : 0,50 3 = 1,25;
; ×;
[ ] ; ×;
= = ×.
d = [ ] = ×;
D x L = ; m = ; z =; [ n ] = 80 -1 > n = -1; .
( 1, 1):
1 1600 55 1 3 50895-96.
1.7.
:
) ;
) , ;
) n 1 u;
) 1;
) ;
D , a ( y ).
,
.
n 1, u, T 1 .
K [1, .256]:
= × × × × × × =, (1.21)
: , (, , ) = 1; , ( , , , ..) = 1,21,5; (, , ..) = 1,51,8;
- ( ):
= (3050), , = 1;
< 25 = 1,25;
= (6080) = 0,9;
y :
y<45 = 1;
y³45 = 0,15 ;
( ):
= 1;
()
= 1,1; = 1,25;
:
= 0,8;
= 1;
= 1,5;
: = , S ;
:
-25< T < 150 C = 1.
> 23, .
,
;
(1.22)
P¢, , z 1, z 2 u (. 1, . 11).
[1, . 257], [2, . 284]:
, (1.23)
[ ] () (. 1);
m :
1 2 3 4
m 1 1,7 2,5 3
[1, . 257], [5, . 260]
|
|
, | [ ], , n 1, -1 | ||||||||||
12,715,875 | 31,5 | 28,5 | 22,5 | 18,5 | 16,5 | ||||||
19,0525,4 | 23,5 | 17,5 | --- | --- | --- | ||||||
31,738,1 | 18,5 | 16,5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |||||
44,4550,8 | 17,5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
n 1max [4, . 105]:
n max, -1 | ||||||
, | 12,7 | 15,875 | 19,05 | 25,4 | 31,75 |
¢ .
z 1 c [ ] :
=; (1.24)
z 2 = z 1 u.
[5, .255]
z min 9 + 0,2 P = (1.25)
D , 1 n1 13568-75 D e1 min [4, .82]:
De1 min , (1.26)
N =T 1 n 1/9550 () .
D e1 max u [4, .82]
(1.27)
,
D e1 1,15 D e1min (1.28)
D e2 = D e1 u. (1.29)
,
¢ = /(3050) (1.30)
13568-75 :
z 2 =z 1 u. (1.31)
z ( z 1), W .
z 1 z 2 [1, . 263]:
d = /sin(180/ z) (1.32)
D = [0,5 + ctg(180/ z)]
( 1.33)
[1,. 264]
D = ctg(180/ z)
(1.34)
d [2, . 286] 0,01 , D 0,1 .
[4, . 82]:
(1.35)
max= 80 P (1.36)
= (3050) (1.37)
[1, . 255]
W ¢ = 2 a p + 0,5 z S + D 2 / a p, (1.38)
a p = a/P - ,
z S = z 1+ z 2 = ;
D2= [(z 2 - z 1)/2p]2
W¢ ( ) .
L = 10-3 WP (1.39)
[1, . 255]:
(1.40)
, [1, .255] D = (0,0020,004) .