.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.

1.1. .

Pk = Ft ∙ V, (1.1)

Pk ,

Ft ,

V , /

Pk = 2,8*0,45=1,26 ()

 

1.2. .

, [1,.7]

- , [1,c.7]

- , [1,c.7]

- , [1,c.7]

 

1.3. .

, (1.3)

,

1.4. .

, (1.4)

 


1.5.

(1.5)

,

100L8

=1,5

d=28

 

1.7. .

(1.6)

, -1

- , -1

-

 

1.8. .

1=, ()

2=1 , ()

, ()

 

1=1,5 ()

2=1,5*0,95*0,99=1,41 ()

3=1,41*0,97*0,99=1,35 ()

4=1,35*0,98*0,99=1,31 ()

 

1.9. .

n1=n, (-1)

, (-1)

, (-1)

(-1)

n1=702 (-1)

n2=702/4,08=172,06 (-1)

n3=172,06/8=21,51 (-1)

n4=21,51 (-1)

1.10. .

(*) (1.7)

i ,

ni , -1

 

1.11. .

d1=d, ()

,() (1.8)

, *

]-

d1=28

 

 

 

P1=1, 5

n1=702 -1

i.=4,08

 

2.1 [3,.289]

0: h=6

b0=10

bp=8,5

lp min=400

lp max=3150

dp min=63

A=47*10-6 2

q=0,06 /

2.2 .

P0=P/z,

0 ,

z , z=1-2

P0=0,7

d1=112 [3,c.290]

d1

2.3 .

d2=d1*i, (2.1)

d2-

d2=112*4,08=456,96

d2=460

2.4 .

≈ 0,95d2 = 0/95*460 = 437

-

2.5 .

L ≈ 2∙a+0,5∙π∙ (d2+d1) + (2.2)

L = 2∙437+0,5∙3,14∙ (460+112) +

L=2000 [3,c.288]

 

2.6 .

(2.3)

521,98 ≈

≈522

2.7 , .

2(d1+d2) ≥ a ≥ 0,55(d1+d2)+h, (2.4)

h , h=6 [3,c.288]

2(112+460) ≥ ≥ 0,55(112+460)+6

1144 > 522 > 320,6

 

2.8 .

= 180-57 , (2.5)

-

= 180-57 = 141,81

= 141,81 ≥ 120

2.9 ,

(2.6)

- [3,c.289],

[3,.289],

- [3,.291],

- [3,.291],

2.10

(2.7)

,[3,.290],

 

2.11

, (2.8)

V-, /

=4,11 (/)

Fv = ρ*A*V2, (2.9)

Fv ,

ρ ,[3,.291], ρ=1250 /3

,[3,.288], = 47*10-6 2

Fv = 1250*47*10-6*4,112=0,99 ()

, (2.10)

=120,95()

2.12 , .

, (2.11)

-

.

=19,095

, (2.12)

.

2.13 ,

Fr = Fr 2Fv*z (2.13)

Fr = 685,8-2*0,99*3=679,86

2.14 .

=*k1*k2 , (2.14)

, [3,.291], = 2000

k1 - ,[3,c.289], k1=1

k2 , [3,.291], k2=1

=2000 .

.

3=601,65 *

d3=52

d4=52

3.1 , .

=k*3, (3.1)

k , [4,.349], k=1,11,3

Tk=1,1*601,65=661,815 (*)

, >.

3.2 - 21425-93. =710 *.

d3=52

d4=52

ze=8

3.3

, (3.2)

- ,

,

- ,

, ,

- .

D0=D*1,5d0=190-1,5*36=136 (3.3)

d=18, [4,c.424]

l=36, [4,c.424]

D=190 , [4,c.422]

]=2, [4,c.416]

.

3.4 .

, (3.4)

- , [4,c.422], c=5 .

]=0,5*σ, (3.5)

σ , [σ]=200 , [4,.424]

]=100, [4,.424].

 

 

 

28-

: .. :

: 09--3 :

:

 

.

: , , , , .

:

Ft=2,8 , ;

D=400 , ;

V=0,45 , /.

 

:

1. .

2. .

3. .

 

 


2.15 .

(2.15)

- ,

d ,

d=d1=28 .

.

d=1,5d+10, (2.16)

d ,

d=1,5*28+10=52 .

 

de=dp+2b, (2.17)

de ,

b- 2,5 , [1,c.319]

de=112+5=117

 

2.16.

(2.15)

- ,

d ,

d=d2=26 .

.

d=1,5d+10, (2.16)

d ,

d=1,5*26+10=49 .

 

de=dp+2b, (2.17)

de ,

b- 2,5 , [1,c.319]

de=460+5=465

 

 

4. .

:

1=76,4 * 2=601,65 *

1=1,41 2=1,35

n1=172,06 -1 n2=21,51 -1

u=8

4.1.

40

:

σ1=850

σ1=550

1=250 [3,.170,.8.7.]

40

:

σ2=850

σ2=550

2=230 [3,.170,.8.7.]

4.2.

)

 

, (4.1)

- [3,.176,.8.8.]

- , , [3,.176,.8.8.]

- , [3,.177]

, (4.2)

[3,.176, .8.8]

 

- , = 1,75, [3,.176, .8,8]

- , = 1, [3,.177]

- , , = 1 ( ), [3,.182]

=1,8*1

, (4.3)

, [3,.176, .8.8]

- , = 1,75, [3,.176, .8,8]

- , = 1, [3,.177]

- , , = 1 ( ), [3,.182]

=1,8*2

(4.4)

u ;

- ;

, (4.5)

1, 2 , .

=2,1*105 [3,.143]

2 , *

- ; , [3,.136]

- . , [3,.143,.8.4]

, (4.6)

- .

.

4.4.

(4.7)

4.5.

, (4.8)

- , [3,.144,.8.5]

m = 88/30 = 2,93

m =2,5 . [3,.122,.8.1]

4.6. , .

, (4.9)

, (4.10)

, (4.11)

;

- ;

- .

4.7.

) ;

, (4.12)

di ()

d1=2,5*18=45

d2=2,5*142=355

)

, (4.13)

dia ()

) :

, (4.14)

dif ().

4.8.

, (4.15)

1 , *

- .

(=0),
( =20,

- .

= β*V, (4.16)

V

β

, (4.17)

9 [3,.125,.8.2]

HV = 1,06

= 1,08*1,06=1,14

*

:

4.9.

, (4.18)

m ;

- ;

- ;

- , .

Z1 Z2 YF1 YF2. , :

. [3,.140,.8.20]

.
. YF =4,25

 


KF = K*KFV, (4.19)

KF ,

K , [3,.136,.8.15], K=1,17

KFV , [3,.138,.8.3], KFV=1,11

KF = 1,17*1,11=1,29

Ft = 2T1/d1 (4.20)

Ft =2*76.4*103/45=3395,6

4.10.

)

, (4.21)

)

Fr = Ft*tgαw, (4.22)

Fr = 3395,6*0,3639=1235,66

 

)

Ft = 2T1/d1

Ft =3395,6

 

 


5. .

5.1. .

5.1.1. .

S= 2 [], (5.1)

S= 2 []. S = 8 []

5.1.2. .

S1 = (0,8...0,85)*S ≥ 8[] (5.2)

S1 = 0,85 * 8 = 6.8 [] S1 = 8 []

5.1.3. .

S2= (1,55...1,65) * S, [] (5.3)

S2 = 1.5*8=12[]

5.1.4. .

S3 = (2...2,5)*S, [] (5.4)

S3 =2, 5* 8= 20 []

5.1.5. .

d = (0,029...0,031) * + 6, [] (5.5)

d= 0,03* 220 + 6=12,6 [].

7796-70: d = 16 - 6g[1,.483]

5.1.6. .

d1 = (0,032...0,034) * + 9, [] (5.6)

d1 = 0,033 * 220 + 9 = 16,26 []

7796-70: d1 = 20 6g

[1,.483]

5.1.7. .

d2 = (0,036...0,04) * +12, [] (5.7)

d2 = 0,04 * 220 + 12 = 20,8 []

7796-70: d2= 24 6g

[1,.483]

5.1.8. .

d = (0,7...0,8) * d, []. (5.8)

d = 0,8 * 12 = 9,6 []

7796-70: d = 10 [],

[1,.480]

5.2. .

5.2.1. .

d3=52 [],

d = d3 + (57), (5.9)

d , [1,.473]

d3 ,

d=52+6=58

8752-79: d=58 .

 

d = d + (57), (5.10)

d , [1,.459]

d = 58+7=65

8338-75: d = 65 [],

 

d =d + (57), (5.11)

d ,

d =65+ 5=70

 

d = d + (57), (5.12)

d ,

d = 70+ 5=75

 

l = l (510), (5.13)

l , [1,.476]

l , [1,.476]; l=45

l = 45 5=40

l = 40 . [2,.459]

5.2.2. - .

d 2 = 26[],

 

d = d2 + (57), (5.14)

d , [1,.473]

d2 ,

d=26+6=32

d=32 .

d = d + (57), (5.15)

d , [1,.459]

d = 32+3=35

d=35 .

 

d = d + (57), (5.16)

d ,

d = 35+5=40

 

df1 , df1 = 38,75

d1 , d1 = 45

da1 , da1 = 50

m - , m = 2,5

b - , b = 88

b1 = b + 5

b1=88+5=93

 

l = l (510), (5.17)

l , [1,.476]

l , [1,.476]; l=18

l = 18 6=12

l = 12 .

 

5.3. .

. 5.1. ,

, 5.2. ,

. 5.3. ,

. 5.4. ,

. 5.5. ,

. 5.6. .

. 5.7. ,

. 5.8. ,

.5.9. ,

.5.10. .

5.4. .

df2 = 348,75

d2 = 355

d2 = 360

b = 88

m = 2,5

 

l = (11,5)*d, (5.18)

l - ,

d , d =70

l = 1,5*70=105

 

d = 1,5*d+10, (5.19)

d - ,

d = 1,5*70+10 = 115

S=2,5m+2, (5.20)

S = 2,5*2,5+2=8,25

 

= (0,340,4)*b, (5.21)

=0,4*88=35,2

5.5. .

1

D 5062 6395 100145 150220
δ        
d        
z        

 

D - ,

δ -,

d ,

z - .

.

D , [1,.167]

d=35 ; D =72

δ , [1,.167], δ=6

d , [1,.167], d = 8

z , [1,.167], z = 4

 

d1 = d+1, (5.22)

d1 - ,

d1 = 8+1=9

 

D1 = D+ (22,2)*d1, (5.23)

D1 =72+2*9=90

 

D2 = D + (44,4)*d1, (5.24)

D2 ,

D2 = 72+4*9=108

 

δ1 = 1,2 δ, (5.25)

δ1 ,

δ1 =1,2*6=7,2

.

-

d=32 , h=10 , D=72

d2=d + 4, (5.26)

d2 = 32+4=36

 

δ2 = 57

 

 

8. .

. , , , , , ...

.

8.1

[ ]-

[ ]=80150 (3,.90)

(8.1)

T-

d

-

l-

h-

8.2

, (8.2)

b-

[3,c 90]

, .

 


6. .

6.1. .

, , , , , .

6.2. v σ = 500,12 55*10-6 2/

6.3. .

:

V=(0,50,7)1 (6.1)

1 ,

1=1,41

V=0,5*1,41=0,705

, .

6.4. .

h=27

6.5.

V=l* b*h (6.2)

l

b-

V=5.04*1.3*0.27=1.77

h=27

 



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