27 TETRA
(, Private Mobile Radio PMR) [1]. TETRA (TErrestrial Trunked RAdio) : , , , , .
TETRA , , (), () . , , TETRA .
. 1. TETRA
TETRA
TETRA. TETRA 4 25 . TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
TETRA () . , , . (. ).
(/) | ||||
7,2 | 14,4 | 21,6 | 28,8 | |
4,8 | 9,6 | 14,4 | 19,2 | |
2,4 | 4,8 | 7,2 | 9,6 |
TEDS (TETRA Enchanced Data Service) 150 .
TETRA . TETRA, . 1, (Switching and Management Infrastructure, SwMI) ( TETRA). SwMI , TETRA: , , . [2].
TETRA (, , (), .), . , .
- TETRA, , (-), .. ). . TETRA, , ( ).
- TETRA , SwMI. (Direct Mode Operation, DMO). , , . SwMI (Trunked Mode Operation, TMO).
- TETRA , , . . TETRA [2].
- TETRA . ( , end-to-end). , GSM, .
. , TETRA [3, 4]. (Individual TETRA Subscriber Identity, ITSI) (Group TETRA Subscriber Identity, GTSI). , , . .
|
|
. SwMI . TMO, DMO.
(Derived Cipher Key, DCK) . . TETRA , GSM, UMTS LTE [5]. DCK . SwMI (Common Cipher Key, CCK), DCK. CCK , , LA (Local Area) [6]. CCK , (Over The Air Re-keying, OTAR), DCK [7]. CCK TMO.
|
|
SwMI (Common Cipher Key, GCK). LA GCK . MGCK(Modified Group Cipher Key) , , GCK, CCK [8]. MGCK . CCK MGCK, .
GCK OTAR AI (air interface). DCK.
(Static Cipher Key, SCK) . , TETRA 32 . SCK , . SCK , GCK. OTAR, DCK. SCK TMO [7].
. AI (air interface) TETRA , . , TMO TETRA [7, 8] GSM [5].
2 . ( GSM), . TETRA , , , . - [1]. TETRA , , . TETRA (IV) 29 .
GSM , DCK TETRA. ECK (Encryption Cipher Key) TMO TETRA TB5, , DCK, SCK, MGCK CCK, . , , DCK, MGCK. TB5 ECK, , : , (Carrier Number, CN) .
ECK 2. TETRA TEA (TETRA Encryption Algorithm): TEA1TEA4. . [912] , TEA1TEA4 , TEA1, TEA3 TEA4 ETSI, TEA2 - [6].
(DMO), (TMO) TETRA. A ETSI [13], 2 ECK (Encryption Cipher Key), DMO TETRA TB6, SCK. TB6 ECK : (Carrier Number, CN) ( SSI EDSI). (Time Variant Parameter, TVP), . TVP . TVP . [13].
|
|
. . ( , ) [6, 14]. (Security and Fraud Prevention Working Group, SPFG) [15], TETRA, AES IDLE .
TETRA . .
[14]:
- ( E1);
- ( E2);
- ( E3);
- ( E4).
( E1.) . 2 / [16], E1 (Traffic Encryption Key, TEK) (IV). . E1 SV (Synchronization Vector), (). (), C. , IV, TEK C.
(), (Synchronization Vector, SV). IV , WEP TKIP 802.11 [5].
. 2. / [16]
( E2). , OTAR , OTAK (Over The Air Keying) [6]. TEK (Traffic Encryption Key), UEK (Unique Encryption Keys) GEK (Group Encryption Keys). .
|
|
( E3) - () WEP 802.11 [5]. , (64 ), : 02 [15] (1 ), (10 ) . 119 , 22 .
( E4). c TETRA (Short Data Service, SDS). , SDS . SDS , . E4 (Signalling Encryption Key, SEK). , E4 , CBC.
. , , , , [1].
. , TETRA . [17, 18] , 4G LTE. , , .
1. Chater-Lea D.J. Security considerations in PMR networks.Security in Networks IEE Colloquium, 1995, P. 5/15/5.
2. Stavroulakis P. Terrestrial Trunked RAdio TETRA. A Global Security Tool, 2007, P. 314.
3. Smith T. High-Grade encryption. IEEE Seminar on Digital Object Identifier, 2000, P. 4/14/4.
4. Yong-Seok, Choon-Soo Kim, JaeCheol Ryou. The Vulnerability Analysis and Improvement of the TETRA Authentication Protocol. 12-th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2010, P. 14691473.
5. .. (, ): . . / . . // . .. , 2012.
6. TETRA Security. TETRA MoU Association Ltd., 2006.
7. ETSI EN 300 3927 V3.3.1 (201207), Terrestrial Trunked radio (TETRA), Voice plus Data; Part 7: Security.
8. Shuwen D. Security Analysis of TETRA. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2013.
9. ETSI TR 101 053-1: Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE); Rules for the management of the TETRA standard encryption algorithms; Part 1: TEA1, 2006.
10. ETSI TR 101 053-2: Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE); Rules for the management of the TETRA standard encryption algorithms; Part 2: TEA2, 2012.
11. ETSI TR 101 053-3: Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE); Rules for the management of the TETRA standard encryption algorithms; Part 3: TEA3, 2007.
12. ETSI TR 101 053-4: Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE); Rules for the management of the TETRA standard encryption algorithms; Part 4: TEA4, 2006.
13. ETSI EN 300 6 V1.21 (2004-05), Terrestrial Trunked radio (TETRA), Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 6: Security.
14. Murgatroyd B.W. End to end encryption in public safety TETRA networks. IEE Seminar: Secure GSM and Beyond: End to End Security for Mobile Communications, 2003, P. 7/17/12.
15. TETRA MoU SFPG: End-to-End Encryption. Recommendation 02, Edition 4, 2005.
16. ETSI EN 302 109 V1.1.1 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Security; Synchronization mechanism for end-to-end encryption, 2003.
17. .. TETRA LTE // . 2012. 6.
18. . LTE TETRA // /Nerwork World. 2012. 6.