2.
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2.1 C++
, C++, , main. main.
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| _ int main() { _; ; return 0; } | _ void main() { _; ; return; } |
(main), ( main ). . , void. , . return 0; , 0.
main , , . , . , ;.
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C C++ .
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| A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | |
| a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | |
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2. .
2
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
3. . , .
3
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| ; | } | ||
| : | { | ||
| ? | < | ||
| ' | > | ||
| ! | [ | ||
| | | ] | ||
| / | # | ||
| \ | % | ||
| ~ | & | ||
| * | ^ | ||
| + | = | ||
| - | " |
4. . : , , , , . , , . ( ).
5. C C++ , , .. , . (\) ( ) .
4
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| \b | ||
| \t | ||
| \n | 00A | |
| \v | 00B | |
| \r | 00C | |
| \f | 00D | |
| \" | ||
| \' | ||
| \0 | - | |
| \\ | 05C | |
| \0ddd | ||
| \xddd |
\0ddd \xddd ( d ) . , :
\r - ,
\015 - ,
\x00D - .
, . , \n ( ) \010 \xA, , , , . :
"ABCDE\x009FGH" C++, ABCDE FGH, ( 8- ), "ABCDE\x09FGH", ABCDE=|=GH, \x09F "=+=".
, , (.. 4) , , . , \h h .
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C++ , . , . . :
abc A12 NameOfPerson BITES_PER_WORD
abc Abc , .. . :
23X a-b
C++ . .
:
asm auto bad_cast
bad_typeid bool break
case catch char
class const const_cast
continue default delete
do double dynamic_cast
else enum extern
float for friend
goto if inline
int long mutable
namespace new operator
private protected public
register reinterpret_cast return
short signed sizeof
static static_cast struct
switch template then
this throw try
type_info typedef typeid
union unsigned using
virtual void volatile
while xalloc
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C++ , . x : int x;
int ( ), x . x . , . , .. x , .
C++ . , , - . , . .
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C++ . , , :
char short int long float double
, . char , (, ), int , (, ). , , . C++ char, char .
, , .
char 1 -128 127
int 2 -32768 32767
short 2 -32768 32767
long 4 -2 147 483 648 2 147 483 647
unsigned char 1 o 0 255
unsigned int 2 0 65535
unsigned short 2 0 65535
unsigned long 4 0 4 294 967 295
, -: float, double, long double.
- float 4 . 1 , 8 23 . , 1, , 3.14E-38 3.14E+38.
double 8 . float. : 1 , 11 52 . 1.7E-308 1.7E+308.
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, .. , x + 4 x 4. , , x . . , .
. const. ,
const int BITS_IN_WORD = 32;
BITS_IN_WORD 32.
. , . . . :
- ( );
- ( ).
- . . - , , .
int x; // x
int y; // y
x = 0; // x 0
y = x + 1; // y x + 1, .. 1
x = 1; // x 1
y = x + 1; // y x + 1, 2
