. . , . , , . [ . . .] , , , .
1930 Fake Antiseptics and the Law , . . , . :
, , . , , , .
, , , . :
- , , , . , , , , .
: , , , , !
. , . , , , .
, New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital 21 . , . .
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, , .
bacillus typhosus. staphylococcus aureus, . bacillus pyocyaneus, . , , bacillus subtilis, - , , .. , .
, 15, 30, 60 180 , , . 21 , 8 , - , Mercurochrome Listerine. - , , .
, Listerine, , , 8 . bacillus pyocyaneus staphylococcus aureus . bacillus subtilis, 30 , .
Listerine bacillus typhosus, , 15 , 15 30 .
Mercurochrome , Listerine - , , . bacillus pyocyaneus , staphylococcus aureus , . bacillus subtilis , . bacillus typhosus , 15-30 , .
Hexylresorcinol , , , Mercurochrome, bacillus pyocyaneus bacillus subtilis. staphylococcus aureus , , , . Bacillus typhosus , .
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, , , , , , .
( bacillus subtilis), Dakins Solution Zonite.
, ( ). , , :
, . . , . : , , . , , , . , ( ). , , , , . , . , , , !
, , . , , , - [12]. - .
, :
, . , . , .
[13] , , . - Mercurochrome, Hexylresorcinol, Listerine, , Borine, Pepsodent Antiseptic, Astrigosol, Mercitan, Odol, Vapex, Formamint, Lavoris, Sozodont Absorbine Jr.
, , , - , , , , .
, . , , , .
, , . , .
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, - , . , , .
, (C.O. Sappington), (Division of Industrial Health of the National Safety Council), . :
1. 250.000 .
2. 40 60 .
3. , 18 .
4.
$104 000 000 - . 4 450 000 (85 000 ).
, , , , .
, . -, , , , , , .
, , . , ( , , ) . Journal of the American Medical Association 1931 :
12 . , (Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association). , , - .
, , , . . , .
Lambert Pharmacal Company. Listerine:
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200 000 000 , () 66%
? :
, Listerine 200 000 000 , . . Listerine, , , , . ( , )
, , Listerine , . , , , , , (), , .
, ( ) , .
, . , Listerine 66%. .
(G.F. Reddish), Lambert Pharmacal Company, , . - , , . , , , , , . , . , , Lambert Pharmacal Company.
, :
, , Listerine , , , [14], , .
Mercurochrome . , , : Mercurochrome , . Mercurochrome , .
Mercurochrome, Hynson, Westcott & Dunning Inc, , . , , . , :
, Mercurochrome bacillus pyocyaneus, ( , ) bacillus pyocyaneus
1927 New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital. , , Mercurochrome.
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, 21- Mercurochrome .
Mercurochrome , . , , British Medical Journal, 4 1931 .
( , . ).
Mercurochrome , , . , : Mercurochrome , , Mercurochrome . , , , , ( ) -- . , , , .
, , . , Mercurochrome , , , .
, Hexylresorcinol . , Listerine. , Saturday Evening Post:
.
, , Hexylresorcinol bacillus pyocyaneus 48 . , 15 .
Hexylresorcinol. , 410 , . . , . Hexylresorcinol . . , - Mercurochrome, , 93% .
, 1:1 , , Hexylresorcinol.
, , ( , ), . , , .
, , , . , , , , .
, , , .
The Drug and Cosmetic Industry :
. , , , , .
? , United Medicine Manufactures of America:
, , , , , ,
-- !
VII
, , $350,000,000.
, - , . , , , , [15]
, : , , , .
?
, . Federal Food And Drugs Act, , , , . , , .
, Kopp's Baby's Friend. 1906 1907 King of Baby Soothers, . , 1905 , , , . , Kopp's Baby's Friend 1915 , . Kopp's Baby's Friend , Kopp's Baby's Friend $25 [16].
, , , . , - .
Winslow's Soothing Syrup , , . Winslow's Soothing Syrup , , , .
, , , Federal Food And Drugs Act .
, , , . , , , .
, . , , .
- , , , , .
4 1931 , , - ! :