1. ---------------------------------------------------------------3
2. . .------------------------------------------4
3. - , ---------------------------6
4. .------------------------------------------------------8
5. .-------------------------------------------------------8
6. - .---------------------------------11
7. .--------------------------------------------------------------13
1. .
2. 1.
=12. =24. =30. =30.
=8,4. =10,8. =10,8. =10,8.
QA=5 Q=20 Q=30 Q=30 L=48
=6. =12.
3. --.
4. .
- = 300.
- =160.
- =30%
- , =80%
5. .
- - :
- 1212
- 1548
- 1860
- 1248
- 1242
-
-
- 7272
- 7272
- 7260
-
- - 3672
- 10002
- 10002
- 1860
.
.
- -, ( ), , - ( ). :
- , , ;
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- ;
- -, -, .
|
|
. ., ' 12 . - = 9.
( ) . - 6 , - 3,5 . - 10 . 0,75 , 2,25 .
- .
- S= 9,8532
- S= 365582.
- S=516,16 2
- =37 %
- L=1256 .
- S= 152542.
-
- :
( 6); =12. =24. =30. =30
( 6): =6. =12.
( 0,6.) =8,4. =10,8. =10,8. =10,8.
:
- , . ;
- () , 30 :
) 6 12 , 6 ;
) 30 / 14,4. ;
) ;
- 250 ( 250), 30 :
) 12 ;
) 12 6 ;
) 30 / 6 12 ;
) ;
- , () :
) 500 , - 30 ;
|
|
) 500 , ;
) / , 144 1000 , 500 .
.
500, 750 1000 .
. , .
- - .
- =5174,42.
- =147.982
- =5154,22.
- =4576 2.
- V= 61875,23.
- 1=/; 1= 0,89
- 2=V/; 2=12,3
- 3=/; 3= 0,028
.
- , , .
5,20 .
( 6) ( 12 ) 1000, I400 .
( I8) ( 24). , 36 3x12.
(1,86, 1,26,) .
.
. --. 12 , 48, 8,4.
:
(5) II-4-79
.
S- S= 12*48 = 576.
- ,
(1) II-4-79
III .
III
m-
-
- =1,4
-
.
L / B= 48/12 = 4
B / h1=B / (H-1-0,6)= 12 / (8,4-1-0,6) = 1,76
.26 II-4-79
=7,25
- , =1
(7) II-4-79
.28 29 II-4-79 .
- =0,8()
- =0,6( )
=1 =1
0,8*0,6*1*1*1=0,48
r1- . 3 r1=1.1
5 II-4-79
|
|
S0=298.92
(8) II-4-79
, *R= 0,
G=0.01*n1*n2 13 II-4-79
n1.n2- , n1- , n2-
n1.n2 :
-
- 1 , 0 , , , n1i
- , I
- 2 , I, : , n2i
- n11=34 nc1=10 n21=98
- n12=26 nc2=16 n22=94
- n13=19 nc3=23 n23=84
- n14=17 nc4=32 n24=72
- n15=14 nc5=40 n25=62
- , , I , &: 35 II-4-79 , , , gi
- &1=73 g1=1.25
- &2=40 g2=0.98
- &3=25 g3=0.77
- &4=18 g4=0.69
- &5=15 g5=0.65
- b/h1, l/b, l/b , 30 II-4-79 r1i
- r11=0.9
- r12=1.02
- r13=1.1
- r14=1.2
- r15=1.28
- 3, 28, 29 II-4-79
=0,48 =1,4
.
=(0.01*34*98)*1.25*0.9*0.48/1.4
- =12.85
=0.01*26*94*0.98*1.02*0.48/1.4
- =8.376
=0.01*19*84*0.77*1.1*0.48/1.4
- =4.63
=0.01*17*72*0.69*1.2*0.48/1.4
- =3.47
=0.01*14*62*0.65*1.28*0.48/1.4
- =2.47
- :
, =2.47 en=1.35, .
- .
. - 1.120.1 6*6 . 15 , 42 .
- .
1 -
2 - -
-
1 - - 2 - -
2.
. | ||||||
: | 4,2* | 2 | ||||
4,2* | ||||||
: | 2,6*1 | 2,6*2 | 2 | |||
2,6*1 | 2,6*2 | |||||
: | ||||||
- | 1 | 2 | ||||
- | ||||||
1 | 2 | |||||
- | 1 | |||||
- : | 1/7 | 2/7 | ||||
1/10 | 2/10 | |||||
1\20 | 2\20 | |||||
: | ||||||
- | 1/3 | 2/3 | ||||
1/5 | 2/2 | |||||
1/7 | 2/6 | |||||
1/15 | 2/12 | |||||
: | 1,3 2 * 1- | 2 | ||||
: | 1-2 | |||||
: | 12-18 2 | 2 | ||||
: | 18 2 | 2 | ||||
: | ||||||
- | 1/30 | 2/15 | ||||
- | 1/30 | |||||
- | 1/60 | 2/60 | ||||
18 2 | 2 | |||||
: | ||||||
- | /4 | |||||
2 | 2 | |||||
: | 2 | 2 | ||||
: | /15 | |||||
: | 1-2 | |||||
: | 0,3* | 2 | ||||
: | 12-48 2 | 2 | ||||
: | 36 2 | 2 | ||||
: | 48 2 | 2 | ||||
|
|
1. .. .: , 1984.
2. .., , . . 1982,
3. .-. . , 1979
4. .. . . 1986.
5. 2.01-01-82.
6. 2-4-79. .
7. 2-92-76. :
8. 2-2-80 .: , 1981
9. : . / . .. .
.: 198I*