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( ). (1872) :

, , , . .

, , - , , , , .

, . . , , , . 1860- .

, , , . , , , , . , Meat Fibrine. , , , , .

1930- , 200 . , , , .

91% . ( ), . 85% .

1960 , 3000 15000 , 60% . 1972 1500 10000 , 1987- 10 , 1200 .

. - 7th Heaven. , . , 25-50 , 1985 , 1992- . , 38640 , : ?. , . , .

: , , , .

. , .

. , , , , . pH, , (). pH, , ( ) .

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, , , 1-3, 1-7. , , . $10 , 3000 , , , .

22 . . (35-50%), (25-40%).

, , , , , , .

, . 1999 . . . .

. ($1050 ) .

, $Ļ

   
3,471 3,670
1,204 1,241
1,224 1,228
5,899 6,139
2,505 2,648
2,023 2,118
0,128 0,137
4,656 4,903

 

, , . , Ļ, . - . , , . ( , ) 1990 , , . , , .

, . Ralston Purina 1950- . , , .

, , 392 (200 ). , , , , , .

, 1998

(%)
  Ralston Puria  
  Friskies Pet Care (Nestle) 12,1
  Heinz 11,4
  Hills 7,6
  Doane & Windy Hill 7,4
  Iams 7,4
  Kal Kan (Mars) 4,9
  Nutro Products, Inc. 2,5
  34,1%

 

1. Ralston Purina

1926 Ralston Purina . Dog Chow Checkers. 1933- 50 .

1950- Ralston , , . 1958 Ralston Purina , .

, , Eveready battery company ( Energizer), BeechNut ( ) Continental baking company. Ralston Purina , Nintendo .

2. Fristkies Pet Care Products

Come N Get It, Alpo, Mighty Dog. Friskies Blue Mountain Chefs Blend, Kleen Kitty Cat Litter. Nestle Friskies, Carnation 1984 . Friskies 37 , - .

3. Heinz Pet Products

$12- ( 1996 ) H.J. Heinz Co 20 , Morris. Skippy, Vets, Sturdy, Glamour Puss, Figaro 9-Lives. Hot Doggies, Grill Stix Snausages. Heinz Pet .

- , , Chappel Brothers Ken-L-Ration. . , . , 1930- Chappel Brothers .

1942 Quaker Oats Chappel Brothers Gaines. Ken-L-Ration, Puss N Boots . Heinz Quakers Pet Food 1995 .

Natures Recipe , , Non-Meat Kibble ( ). Natures Recipe $50- 1996 , Heinz.

Natures Recipe ( Heinz) , . , , . . , , , .

D3, Natures Food, ( , ) . . Natures Food , .

Natures Recipe $20 1995 , - . , , , . 9-Lives Heinz Pet Food . Natures Recipe , Heinz , .

4. Hills Pet Nutrition

Hills Pet Products, ( ) Science Diet, , Prescription Diet, , . Science, , Hills Kal Kan - A Scientific Diet, Ralston Purina - Science Select.

, , - . , , , .

Hills , . , , , . , , , - .

Hills : , . , ? , . , 50% . , Hills . Hills. , , : Eastman Chemichal Products , , . , .

Hills : , , . , Monsanto. , , . , , , .

, . , Hoffman-La Roche & Co., . : , , .

, Hills, 65 Colgate-Palmolive, 1998 $9 .

5. Doane Pet Care Company

Doane Pet Care Company , .

1998 25 Doane, . , . . , ( ).

6. Iams

1950- Iams 999. , Hills, Iams Eukanuba. Iams , , . Iams : .

Iams , . , , .

Iams 1998 $800 . Procter & Gamble Company ( 1998 $38,1 ) 1999 $2,3 , . P&G Colgate-Palmolive .

7. Kal Kan

Kal Kan Mars, Inc. , , . Pedigree Whiskas Sheba . Kal Kan , , - .

8. Nutro Products

, 1926 , 18 . , , , , , , , -.

9. Sunshine Mills

Sunshine - Nurture Pet Products, Canine Principle Pet Products, Feline Principle Pet Products Golden Blen Pet Products. Pup-Corn .

10. Windy Hill Pet Food Co.

, Van de Kamp, Mrs. Pauls, Celeste frozen pizza Aunt Jemima. Kozy Kitten Tuffy ( Heinz).

11. Nabisco Brands, Inc.

1895 , Bennet Biscuit Company, Milk-Bone Dog Puppy Foods. , , - .

Nabisco Brands, Inc. - - Milk-Bone 1931 . , 3000 Nabisco Brands. , , , , .

1. Evolution Diet

, ( ) AAFCO. , , , . 1995 , 80% , AAFCO . , , , , , .

-. ( - , ).

, . , :

Evolution , 5-10 ( ), Evolution , . .

, Evolution . - , 1/8 , 1/4 ( ) , . , : Evolution 25% .

, Vegecat, , - Evolution, . , , . Evolution : .

2. Wysong

Wysong Canine/Feline Anergen III . , .

, , , .

3. Wow-Bow Distributors Ltd.

Wow-Bow, -, , , , , , , , . .

, , Giant Biscuit 37,5 .

Vegepet, Wow-Bow , . HOANA Vegecat Vegedog.

 

2.

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. , . , ( . . . ) / Gail A. Eisnitz, Slaughterhouse. The shocking story of greed, neglect and inhumane treatment inside the U.S. meat industry. Prometheus Books. 1997.

 

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