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2




2

.04

11.02.06 ( )

2

-2

 

 

 

 

___________ ..

20 15 .

 

 

: . .

 

( )

_____________..

___ 2015 .

 

 

2.

2

 

50 . 1.

.

, .

, .

.

.

 

1.

1

       
01 51   1, 12, 22, 34, 47 26 76   6, 15, 21, 39, 41
02 52   2, 13, 23, 35, 48 27 77   7, 16, 22, 38 42
03 53   3, 14, 24, 36, 49 28 78   8, 17, 23, 37, 43
04 54   4, 15, 25, 37, 50 29 79   9, 18, 24, 36, 44
05 55   5, 16, 26, 38, 46 30 80   10, 20, 25, 33, 49
06 56   6, 17, 27, 39, 45 31 81   1, 12, 26, 35, 48
07 57   7, 18, 28, 33, 44 32 82   2, 13,27, 40, 50
08 58   8, 19, 29, 31, 43 33 83   3, 14, 20, 31, 46
09 59   9, 20, 30, 41, 50 34 84   4, 15, 19, 34, 45
10 60   10, 21, 32, 40, 49 35 85   5, 16, 18, 32, 47
11 61   11, 12, 31, 39, 48 36 86   6, 11, 17, 29, 41
12 62   1, 13, 30, 38, 47 37 87   7, 18, 27, 31, 49
13 63   2, 14, 29, 37, 46 38 88   8, 19, 28, 36, 50
14 64   3, 15, 28, 36, 45 39 89   9, 20, 29, 38, 45
15 65   4, 16, 27, 35, 44 40 90   10, 12, 20, 30, 40
16 66   5, 17, 26, 34, 43 41 91   1, 11, 21, 31, 41
17 67   6, 18, 25, 33, 42 42 92   2, 14, 22, 32, 42
18 68   7, 19, 24, 32, 41 43 93   3, 12, 23, 33, 43
19 69   8, 20, 27, 42, 50 44 94   4, 13, 24, 34, 44
20 70   9, 21, 28, 39, 49 45 95   5, 15, 25, 35, 45
21 71   10, 22, 30, 40, 48 46 96   6, 16, 26, 36, 46
22 72   1, 14, 22, 35, 47 47 97   7, 17, 27, 37, 47
23 73   2,,12, 23, 36, 46 48 98   8, 18, 28, 38, 48
24 74   3, 13, 24, 37, 45 49 99   9, 19, 29, 39, 49
25 75   4, 11, 25, 38, 44 50 00   10, 20, 30, 40, 50

 

1 -10

1. . ?

2. , ?

3. - ?

4. - ?

5. ?

6. , ?

7. - ?

8. .

9. . .

10. , .

 

11-18

2, -, fmax, f0 , F.

 

2

, fmax, , f0, F,  
    6,025 ∙107   6,01 ∙ 107   10∙103 , . .
    17,216 ∙107   17,204 ∙107   52∙103 (), ,
    3,01∙ 107   3,03∙107   5∙ 103 ?
    19,117∙107   19,105∙107   56∙ 103 , , .
  9,025∙107 9,01∙107 13∙103 .
    12, 075∙107   12, 056∙107   16∙103 , , .
  20,015∙107 20,001∙107 24∙103 , , .
  23,05∙107 23, 025∙107 26∙103 ?

 

 

19-20

1. ? .

2. (19) (20).

3. , : t = 5.8 ∙ 10 -7 (19), t = 12∙ 10-6 (20).

 

21

1. .

2. .

3. () .

 

22

1. , , , , , .

2. . .

3. ,

d0 = 2?

23

1. , .

2. .

3. . .

24

1. , - ()?

2. , ?

3. , 100...500 .

 

25-27

1. ?

2. , F: 0,3...3,4 (25), 0,03...15 (26), 0,05...6000 (27).

3. ?

 

28

1. .

2. ().

3. , ?

 

29

1. , .

2. . , ?

3. ?

 

30

1. , ,

, .

2. ?

?

3. .

 

31

1. . ?

2. , .

3. 80. h2 = 20.

 

32 - 37

3,

, , : , , r, D

 

3

  ,   r,   D  
        , , .
        ?
        .
        , ?
        , ?
        .
 

 

38-42

h 1 () ()
    19,5   , .
      , .
      , ?
    28,9 .
      .

4, .

4

 

43

1. , , . ?

2. ? ?

3. , , , =10, r = 1500, D =3.

 

44

1. .

2. .

3. .

 

45-50

5, φ (); NA, , : n1 n2; d ; λ.

46,47,48 , 49,50 .

5

n1, n2, d, λ,  
           
  1,455 1,445 53,8 0,65 . .
  1,470 1,460 62,5 0,85 . . .
  1,465 1,455   1,32 . .
    1,471   1,462     0,86 . .
  1,480 1,475   1,55 , .
  1,487 1,480 9,0 1,38 , .

 

.

 

2

 

.

 

1-10 3 .

[4].

[ 3], 1. [ 1], 13. [ 3].

11 18 15 [4].

.

: ∆ω =2πf.

m =∆ω / Ωmax =∆f / Fmax, 0 ∞.,

Ωmax .

, , , - .

19 20 16 [4] .

( ) , , , .

.

20 [4] , 21, 22.

23-27 [4] 21 [1] 2,7.

. i. , ∆i= 5. ∆i ≠ const . u (kT), , . - ε (k) = u (k) u (k), u (k) u (k). ε.

ε - u(t) .

 

u(t), u (k), ε = u(t) - u (k),
           
1          
2     -1    
3 27,5   2,5    
4     -2    
5          
6          

ε(k) , ε ≤ ∆ i / 2

F, 2F. n = 1 / log L.

, t = 1/2F log L,

F=(1/2t) ∙ 2F log L. , F=2 F. .

28-30 [4] 13. .

[1] 13 31- 42, :

r0 = 3,57 (√ h1 + √ h2 ), h1 , h2 , , r0 , . . . , r1 . r1=4,12((√ h1 + √ h2).

43 [4] 21, :

, , , . , . D1, , , , , , .

, , D . , , :

,/

[2] 2 , 44.

45 -50 [ 8] , - . (3,2),(3,7), (3,6),(3,8),(3,9), [8], :

n1 n2, . (φi) (φs)

sin φi / sin φs = n2/n1. (1)

n2 <n1, (1) , φs > φi. , φi, φs = 90 ( ), φi < 90, (φ). (1) , φ

φ = arcsin (n2/n1) (2)

φi > φ , , .

(3,7), (3,6), (3,8), (3,9), [2] 3.

δ, .. , =2,71 φi > φ

δ = λ/ 2πn√ sin2 φi (n2/n1)2,

λ .

θmax, nc , .. . . θmax, , NA, nc, , , , .

(nc = 1), :

NA = √n2 n2; (3)

θmax = arcsin√n21-n2 2; (4)

, , , .

() V :

V= 2π/λ√ n21-n2 2, (5)

;

λ ;

n1 n2 .

(N) :

N≈ V2/2

 

 

, ( ), V Vc =2,405. V< Vc, ; V>2,405 .

, , .

[8].

 

 

 

1. ?

2. ?

3. : , , ?

4. .

5. ? .

6. ?

7. . .

8. ? .

9. ?

10. ? .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14. . .

15. .

16. .

17. , .

18. ?

19.. .

20. . .

21. ? .

22. , .

23. .

24. . .

25. , ?

26. .

27. - .

28. ? ?

29. . .

30. .

31. . ?

32. .

33. LC .

34. , .

35. ?

36. , .

37. .

38. RC, RC-.

39. .

40. .

41. .

42. , .

43. .

44. ?

45. , .

46. , .

47. ?

48. .

49. .

50. , .

 





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