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01 51 | 1, 12, 22, 34, 47 | 26 76 | 6, 15, 21, 39, 41 | ||
02 52 | 2, 13, 23, 35, 48 | 27 77 | 7, 16, 22, 38 42 | ||
03 53 | 3, 14, 24, 36, 49 | 28 78 | 8, 17, 23, 37, 43 | ||
04 54 | 4, 15, 25, 37, 50 | 29 79 | 9, 18, 24, 36, 44 | ||
05 55 | 5, 16, 26, 38, 46 | 30 80 | 10, 20, 25, 33, 49 | ||
06 56 | 6, 17, 27, 39, 45 | 31 81 | 1, 12, 26, 35, 48 | ||
07 57 | 7, 18, 28, 33, 44 | 32 82 | 2, 13,27, 40, 50 | ||
08 58 | 8, 19, 29, 31, 43 | 33 83 | 3, 14, 20, 31, 46 | ||
09 59 | 9, 20, 30, 41, 50 | 34 84 | 4, 15, 19, 34, 45 | ||
10 60 | 10, 21, 32, 40, 49 | 35 85 | 5, 16, 18, 32, 47 | ||
11 61 | 11, 12, 31, 39, 48 | 36 86 | 6, 11, 17, 29, 41 | ||
12 62 | 1, 13, 30, 38, 47 | 37 87 | 7, 18, 27, 31, 49 | ||
13 63 | 2, 14, 29, 37, 46 | 38 88 | 8, 19, 28, 36, 50 | ||
14 64 | 3, 15, 28, 36, 45 | 39 89 | 9, 20, 29, 38, 45 | ||
15 65 | 4, 16, 27, 35, 44 | 40 90 | 10, 12, 20, 30, 40 | ||
16 66 | 5, 17, 26, 34, 43 | 41 91 | 1, 11, 21, 31, 41 | ||
17 67 | 6, 18, 25, 33, 42 | 42 92 | 2, 14, 22, 32, 42 | ||
18 68 | 7, 19, 24, 32, 41 | 43 93 | 3, 12, 23, 33, 43 | ||
19 69 | 8, 20, 27, 42, 50 | 44 94 | 4, 13, 24, 34, 44 | ||
20 70 | 9, 21, 28, 39, 49 | 45 95 | 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 | ||
21 71 | 10, 22, 30, 40, 48 | 46 96 | 6, 16, 26, 36, 46 | ||
22 72 | 1, 14, 22, 35, 47 | 47 97 | 7, 17, 27, 37, 47 | ||
23 73 | 2,,12, 23, 36, 46 | 48 98 | 8, 18, 28, 38, 48 | ||
24 74 | 3, 13, 24, 37, 45 | 49 99 | 9, 19, 29, 39, 49 | ||
25 75 | 4, 11, 25, 38, 44 | 50 00 | 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 |
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1 -10
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11-18
2, -, fmax, f0 , F.
2
, fmax, | , f0, | F, | ||
6,025 ∙107 | 6,01 ∙ 107 | 10∙103 | , . . | |
17,216 ∙107 | 17,204 ∙107 | 52∙103 | (), , | |
3,01∙ 107 | 3,03∙107 | 5∙ 103 | ? | |
19,117∙107 | 19,105∙107 | 56∙ 103 | , , . | |
9,025∙107 | 9,01∙107 | 13∙103 | . | |
12, 075∙107 | 12, 056∙107 | 16∙103 | , , . | |
20,015∙107 | 20,001∙107 | 24∙103 | , , . | |
23,05∙107 | 23, 025∙107 | 26∙103 | ? |
19-20
1. ? .
2. (19) (20).
3. , : t = 5.8 ∙ 10 -7 (19), t = 12∙ 10-6 (20).
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21
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22
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2. . .
3. ,
d0 = 2?
23
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24
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2. , ?
3. , 100...500 .
25-27
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2. , F: 0,3...3,4 (25), 0,03...15 (26), 0,05...6000 (27).
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28
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32 - 37
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44
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45-50
5, φ (); NA, , : n1 n2; d ; λ.
46,47,48 , 49,50 .
5
n1, | n2, | d, | λ, | ||
1,455 | 1,445 | 53,8 | 0,65 | . . | |
1,470 | 1,460 | 62,5 | 0,85 | . . . | |
1,465 | 1,455 | 1,32 | . . | ||
1,471 | 1,462 | 0,86 | . . | ||
1,480 | 1,475 | 1,55 | , . | ||
1,487 | 1,480 | 9,0 | 1,38 | , . |
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1-10 3 .
[4].
[ 3], 1. [ 1], 13. [ 3].
11 18 15 [4].
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: ∆ω =2πf.
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m =∆ω / Ωmax =∆f / Fmax, 0 ∞.,
Ωmax .
, , , - .
19 20 16 [4] .
( ) , , , .
.
20 [4] , 21, 22.
23-27 [4] 21 [1] 2,7.
. ∆i. , ∆i= 5. ∆i ≠ const . u (kT), , . - ε (k) = u (k) u (k), u (k) u (k). ε.
ε - u(t) .
u(t), | u (k), | ε = u(t) - u (k), | |||
1 | |||||
2 | -1 | ||||
3 | 27,5 | 2,5 | |||
4 | -2 | ||||
5 | |||||
6 |
ε(k) , ε ≤ ∆ i / 2
F, 2F. n = 1 / log L.
, t = 1/2F log L,
F=(1/2t) ∙ 2F log L. , F=2 F. .
28-30 [4] 13. .
[1] 13 31- 42, :
r0 = 3,57 (√ h1 + √ h2 ), h1 , h2 , , r0 , . . . , r1 . r1=4,12((√ h1 + √ h2).
43 [4] 21, :
, , , . , . D1, , , , , , .
, , D . , , :
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[2] 2 , 44.
45 -50 [ 8] , - . (3,2),(3,7), (3,6),(3,8),(3,9), [8], :
n1 n2, . (φi) (φs)
sin φi / sin φs = n2/n1. (1)
n2 <n1, (1) , φs > φi. , φi, φs = 90 ( ), φi < 90, (φ). (1) , φ
φ = arcsin (n2/n1) (2)
φi > φ , , .
(3,7), (3,6), (3,8), (3,9), [2] 3.
δ, .. , =2,71 φi > φ
δ = λ/ 2πn√ sin2 φi (n2/n1)2,
λ .
θmax, nc , .. . . θmax, , NA, nc, , , , .
(nc = 1), :
NA = √n2 n2; (3)
θmax = arcsin√n21-n2 2; (4)
, , , .
() V :
V= 2π/λ√ n21-n2 2, (5)
;
λ ;
n1 n2 .
(N) :
N≈ V2/2
, ( ), V Vc =2,405. V< Vc, ; V>2,405 .
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