.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. -.

(1),

. ij , i , bj (i = 1,2,, n, j = 1,2,, m).

:

,

= - ,

= - ,

(1) = .

(1)

,

.

1.

(1) a1, a2,..., a , 1, 2,, n , .

, , .

, , , .

,

1) ?

2) , (.. )?

, .

.

.

 

.

= , ..

(2)

(2) , . .

I. .

,

, , ,

(2) = . , 1. = 1 ,

(1) = 1 Þ = 1 Þ = 1.

.

, , , , . , .. , .

.

.

:

.

, , .

,

= - - , = - . 1.6:

.

=

.

.

:

 

, .

, , , .

II. .

:

()

|A| , i

, (3)

D = |A| ¹ 0 , D i - , D i - .

D = |A| , D i .

: D = |A| ¹ 0, = 1,

= = . =

= , .

i - ,

, = . .

. :

D ¹ 0, .

D = 0, D i ¹ 0, .

D = 0 D i = 0, , , .

.

. , ,

=

.

, .

.

, .

D1 D :

= ( 710 12) (2 42 10) = 29 + 54 = 25.

D2 D :

.

, , D3 D :

.

, , .

:

, (1; 1; 2) , , .

(1)

¹ ., . ( ). .

2.

(), .

, :

; , ; ; , .  
(6)

, , ,

(4)

( )

(5)

. 1, 2,..., , , , k £ n, k £ m.

: - , (.. = ), , . , , .

0 + 0 +1 +...+ 0 n = d, d ¹ 0,

, .. (a1, a2, a3,, a ) .

, (, , ) .

(4), : , , , , , ¢1.

(5), .

(5) (k < n), k ( , , k ). , . , , :

(4),

, , , .

(5), , , (1). , .

, .

` . , (6), , , :

;

, ;

- , , ;

.

. .

. :

:

, :

0 + 0 +1 +...+ 0 n = b, b ¹ 0,

. , . , , , , 1 2 : . 3 4 .

( ), 3 = 1, 4 = 2, 1, 2 .

.

2 , 1:

.

, 1, 2 Î R.

- .

1 2 , :

1 = 0, 2 = 1 .

.

:

Þ

.

0 + 0 +1 +...+ 0 n = b, b ¹ 0: ,

, .

. . -.

. -.

k k (k £ min(m, n)) , , . k - .

,

=

, , : , , .

3

.

rang A r (A).

:

= (ij) m ´ n r (A) £ min(m, n), r (A) = 0 , ;

r (A) = , ;

r (A) = r (A);

, (.. , );

, , .

:

,

c 11. c 22. c 33..... ckk ¹ 0, k £ m. . k = m = , .

k -

( ), r () = k, , r (A) = r () = k. , , .

 

(-)

, r(A) r() , .. ( ).

r = .

:

1. r (A) r (); r (A) ¹ r (), ;

2. r (A) = r (`) = r,

) r = ;

) r < n . r , . , ( ).

.

.

,

`= Þ Þ = =`.

` 3 ( ), r =3. , ( ` ). , r () = r () = 2. , r (A) ¹ r .

, ( ), :

`= Þ Þ = =`,

, r (A) = r = r = 2 . = 3 r < n, .

.

bi, i = 1,2,, m , . bi = 0,

(7),

.

, , , () 1 = 2 = = = 0. , :

= r.

(r = n), (7) . (r < n), , , . .

.

:

1) , ;

2) - .

( ), :

.

, r (A) = 2. , .

, , . , , , 2 3:

.

1 3 : , , 2 4 .

(8)

, 2 = 1, 4 = 2, 1, 2 .

.

1 2 - .

- . , , . , ,

.



<== | ==>
- . |
:


: 2016-12-31; !; : 915 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1852 - | 1667 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.09 .