(. 6) - .
. 6.
4, 3 5, 2 1. 8, 7 6 . , - . , 10 *.
( ). , , ( ).
(-) , . (. 7, ).
.7.
, (. 7, ), . , .
, , , .
. . 8 3/2- ( .5). 1 , 3 2 , . , . 1 ( ) 2, 3 , , . L .
. 8.
3/2--
3/2- .
|
|
4/2 4/3 - (. 9 . 10).
.9. 4/2-
. 10. 4/3-
, 5 4 6 () , . 1, , 2, 3 5 , , .
, . 11, (11, ) , , . , (. 11, ).
. 11. 4/3-
, , . ( ) 0 (. 11, ).
4/3- . 12.
() , , , . . . , , , . , .
. 12 4/3-.
, , 0, , , 0 . .
.
, , . . (. 12).
. 12.
, (. 13, 14, 15). (. 4.4, ) h t ,
|
|
∆l= (h t)/2.
. 14. () (")
(. 13, ) h t ,
∆l == (h - 0/2.
(. 13, ) t = h ∆l 0.
(. 14, ) Q /; Q = f (l).
∆ Q/ ∆l,
.
(. 14, ) Δ Q .
Q = μ f υt = μ f (2∆p/p)1/2= μπd3 l(2∆p/p)1/2
μ = Qd./Qr , ( Q () ; QT , QT = V f = f (2∆p/ρ)1/2; f = nd3l ( d3 ; l );
V T = 2∆/ρ () ( ∆ ; ρ ).
.14.
. 15.
. , . , , , .
, , . ∆, , , . .
V = (2∆p/ρ)1/2
, ,
Rep min < Re <Repmax.
, ζ = l(Re) . Re = 200÷2000, ζ, 1,52 Re.
:
∆p= ζ∙(ρ/2)∙(Q2/f2)
2 ∆l . ( 1 . 14, ) , ∆l. , , , ( ) .
|
|
(. . 14, ). , 2 ∆l ( 3 . 14,). , , , () , .
.
(∆l =0) , , Q . , , . , , , - . .
, . , . .
. FH max, - , . , ,
FH max = k3 F
max = k3
k3 ( 1,25 1,5); F , ; .
Qmax. , .
Qmax= f v max
Qmax=V0 ωmax.
fn ; v max ; Vo . ωmax. .
Dy ( 0,5 )
D = ( 4Qmax/4π V)1/2
V ( ).
|
|
- ()
d3= l,04{Qmax/[(l-χ2)v]}1/2.
χ = d / d ; , 12447 80, : d / d = 8/12; 10/16; 12/20; 14/25; 16/32; 18/40; 20/50.
fmax = Qmax/V = Qmax /[2Δp/(ζρ)]1/2
fmax= Qmax/[μ(2∆p/ρ)1/2]
∆ , ( ) ( ) (∆ = ) ∆ 3 , ,
∆ = (∆∆3)/2.
, ,
V = μ(2/ ρ)1/2∙(Δp)1/2
μ ( ;
Re > 200 μ = 0,62-4-0,65, Re < 200 μ= 0,5).
Δl d3:
d, .... 6-10 10-25 25-40 40-50
∆l, .... 1-2 3 4 5 6
h = t + 2 ∆l, t = h 2∆l
l = t+2Δl.
/ = h + t
ε0 = (d0 d)/2,
d0 .
d0 > d3/ 2,5
ε = ε 0 + ∆εp + ∆ε
∆εp; ∆ε , .
; d, ; d () ; ;
μ , .
,
ε = ε 0 + d∙Δα∙Δ
Δα= Δα- Δα Δα Δα, +20 0; Δ= 0 (-=) () .
.
ΣF = F + F +F +F,
F (F = F.+ F), F- ; F ; F- ; F- .
, , , . , , , , , 810 80140 0,230,34 , .
FB = ν ρ υ3 f/ε
ν ; ρ ; υ3 (); f , ; ε .
() F , ,
,
Q ; ∆ ; α .
,
|
|
β .
b< α, .. F. c ( ).
, ,
Fnp= k d3 l3 pH f,
k = 0,15 ÷ 0,13 , ; k d3 l3; l3 , () ; f .
m :
Fu = ma.