1. It depends. What did he do?
2. You must consider. How much has a man done?
3. It all depends. How many times has a criminal been in prison?
4. I always consider. What is his background?
5. It depends. How serious is the crime?
10. , .
attorney; to recover; barrister; civil action;
to inquire into; advocacy; solicitor
Model: If a person in Britain has a legal problem, he will go and see a
_____. If a person in Britain has a legal problem, he will go
and see a solicitor.
1. In the US, he will go and see ______.
2. A case of divorce is a ______.
3. If you want to ______ your debts, your case will be heard in the County Court.
4. ______ is an expert in the interpretation of law. He is also an expert on ______ (the art of presenting cases in Court).
5. Coroners who have medical or legal training ______ violent or unnatural deaths.
11. .
Model: You should be ashamed of yourself for behaving so badly.
.
Behaving.
1. He was fined for being drunk in charge of a car.
2. The investigator put off making a decision till he had more
information.
3. It's no use arguing with the police.
4. He was accused of having deserted his ship.
6. The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
12. , I (Present Participle) II (Past Participle). .
Model: When charged with murder, he was arrested.
, . Charged, -
II.
1. Releasing the offender, the officer told him not to drive too fast.
2. Being suspected of an offence, he was detained.
3. Having been questioned, he was released on bail in the interests of the investigation.
4. Having grounds () to suspect a person of an offence, the
police must arrest him.
5. The police must investigate any case, involving death or serious injury.
13. , (Complex Object) .
Model: , .
He wants me to come on Sunday.
1. , .
2. , .
3. , -.
4. , .
5. (take the drug).
14. (Complex Object), .
 |
cry, cycle, happen, open, run, tell, crawl
Model: Did anybody see the accident ______?
Did anybody see the accident happen?
1. We listened to the old man _____ his story from beginning to end
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2. Listen! Can you hear a baby ______?
3. I looked out of the window and saw Tom ______ on his byke along the road.
4. Why did you turn round suddenly? - I heard somebody ______ my name.
5. We watched the two man ______ across the garden, ______ a window and ______ through it into the house.
15. (Past Perfect).
Model: You went to your friends house but he wasnt there.
(he / go / out)He had gone out.
1. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasnt the same as before. (it / change / a lot)
2. I invited Jane to the party but she didnt come. (she / arrange / to do something else)
3. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.
(the film / already / begin)
4. I was glad to see Tim again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for five years)
5. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasnt hungry. (she / just / have breakfast)
16. , - (Future Perfect).
Model: By the time you meet him he (do) a lot of work.
By the time you meet him he will have done a lot of work.
1. They (take) their last exam by the first of July.
2. I hope you (go) to bed by eleven.
3. She (listen) to the poem many times before she understands all the words.
4. We hope the telegram (come) before they start for the South.
5. By 2100 computers (take over) many of the jobs that people do
today.
. , ( ) .
, , . .
, , .
1. 1 ( ) . , . , , , () .
.
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2-4. 2-4 .
6,7. 6, 7 , , , . , , . , , , , .
8. ( 8) (), . .
1. , , , .
:
-er, -or: to write writ er , to invent invent or ;
-ant, -ent: to assist assist ant , to preside presid ent , .
2. , , :
-ist, -ian, -man ( ): to type typ ist , mathimatics ; bar bar man ;
3. , , (, , , ):
a) :
-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -ssion: to connect connect ion , to organize organiz ation , to collide colli sion ;
-ment: astonish astonish ment , measure measure ment ;
-ure: press press ure ;
-ance, -ence: depend depend ence ;
-ing ( ): begin beginn ing , read read ing .
) :
-ness: dark dark ness , effective effective- ness ;
-ity: similar similar ity , special special ity ;
-th ( ): wide wid th , strong str ength , long l ength ;
) :
-dom: free free dom , wise wis dom , king king dom ;
-ism: social , social ism , patriot patriot ism ;
-hood: brother brother hood , neighbour neighbour- hood ;
-ship: friend friend ship , member - member ship .
.
1. Cs, -: - al: centre centr al ; - y: ease , eas y , ; - less: ( -, - ): end end less ; child child less ; -ese ( , ) China Chin ese ; -ic: history
histor ic ; -ous ( , ): fame fam ous , ; - ing: interest interest ing .
2. , : - ful ( ): beauty beauti ful ; to forget forget ful ; - ive ( ): to collect collect ive ; create , creat ive ; - ite ( ): to favour , favour ite .
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() :
un-, in- , , . : natural un natural ; distinct , in distinct , .
in- im-, il-, ir-: possible im posssible ; legal il legal ; regular () ir regular ().
mis- , , . : application , mis application , ; count , mis count , .
dis- , , : advantage , - dis advantage ; ; connected , dis connected ,; agree , dis agree , ;
over- , . , , -: population over population ; ripe over -ripe ; sell over sell .
ly . : slow slow ly ; warm - warm ly ; happy happi ly ; true true ly .
9. 9 .
, .
He says, I know him very well. : .
.
He says (that) he knows him very well.
, , .
, if () ( + ..).
She asks him, Do you like coffee with milk? : ?
She asks him if he like s coffee with milk. , .
.
She asks her, Where do you live? : ?
She asks her where she live s. , .
, .
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- .
, .
. , Past Indefinite Past Conti-nuous:
He said that they were fixing a car. , .
I thought that they went there very often. , .
I didnt know you spoke English. , -.
. , Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous:
He was told that they had left. , .
We knew that they had been working in the garden since early morning. , .
I knew that she had been studying at the Institute for about three years.
, .
, , .
. , .. , future-in-the-past ( ). shall should, will - would.
They knew that I should wait for them. , .
He said he would post the letter himself. , -.
The man said he would go and consult his chief. , - .
She made me promise I would tell nobody about it. , .
:
1. , :
The children learnt at the lesson that the Sun rotates around its axis. , .
2. must , - :
She said, We must hurry. She said we must hurry.
10. 10 , .
11. The Gerund ( ) 11.
- ( ) . - ing , "" - reading, "" - waiting ..
: , :
1) , , , ;
2) .
:
- :
He was accused of committing a crime. .
- :
His being guilty is evident. , - .
:
- :
I remember reading this article on criminilogy. , .
- :
He likes reading aloud. .
- :
Active Passive
Indefinite reading being read
Perfect having read having been read
, , :
- , . Indefinite Gerund:
I like reading. ().
- , . Perfect Gerund ( - having):
I don't revember having seen him before. , ( ).
, , ( ), ;
- Passive ( ). :
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My freind likes telling detective stories. .
My friend likes being told detective stories. , .
:
1) , :
a) to avoid (), to enjoy (), to excuse (), to forgive (), to give up (, ), to postpone ():
I can't give up smoking. I'm a chain-smoker. . - .
The teacher didn't excuse the students being late. .
) to accuse of (), to approve of (), to com-plain of (), to speak of (), to think of (), to be tired of ( -), to agree to ( -), to look forward to ( -), to depend on (-), to insist on (), to rely on (), to prevent from ( ), to feel like (), to look for (),
to be sorry for (), to thank for ():
She was tired of reading and decided to have a rest. .
I feel like going for a walk. .
2) :
: after, before, on, in, at, by, without, for, in spite of ( ), instead of ():
He was angry with me for bringing the news. , .
Instead of stopping the rain increased. , , .
3) , : to begin, to continue, to stop, to finish, to go on, to keep on:
Stop talking! !
Begin reading the exersise. .
The students finished writing their test-paper just in time. .
4) , : idea, thought, chance, importance .:
I hate the idea of leaving you. , .
He didn't like the thought of going there alone. () .
, :
She likes singing. . She likes singing folk songs. .
- + :
I'm interested in this text being translated. . .
My knowing the suspect helped militia very much. , , .
, .
- , ( - ).
Gerund Complex .
12. The Participle ( ) ( 12).
- ( ), . .
: I ( - Participle I Present Participle) II ( Past Participle).
I c 4- 2 - (Indefinite Participle I) (Perfect Participle).
I , , - .
While reading a book she often laughed. , .
The detective came in, carrying his suitcase. , .
I , , , - .
Havingread the book I gave it to Peter. , .
They reached London, havingbeen away six weeks. , .
I . , . I - .
I
| The boy readinga book is a friend of mine. , - . | |
| While reading a book she laught a lot. , . Having passed the exam, he left for Kiev. , . |
II . - ed/-d. II .
II , .
The boy invited by Peter is a friend of mine. , - .
He noticed a folded copy of the "Times". .
II :
The boy invited by Peter is a friend of mine. , - . (invited - )
If invited, he will come. , . (invited ).
