2006 .
.
(
)
2007
. . , . .. .
. - . , . .. .
- . , . .. ; . . , . .. .
Ó ..
Ó
, 2007
| , | ||||||||
| : | ||||||||
| 1. |
20 (
)
1. . .
2. XIV XV .
3. XVI XVII .
4. . .
5. XVIII .
6. XIX .
7. XIX .
8. XX .
9. 19171991 .
10. .
16
1. .
2. .
3. II III.
4. . 19051907 .
5. 1917 .
6. . .
7. (19531985 .).
8. .
:
- 5 10 ;
- 3 5 ;
- , 1 5 ;
- , , 1 3 .
, , , .
|
|
|
, , .
1.
.
I. :
1. ( ). .
2. . .
3. : , , .
4. - .
5. . - . .
6. . - .
II.
:
1. ?
2. ?
3. , ? .
4. ? ?
5. .. , . , , , . ?
III.
1. :
______________________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. ?
860 ._______________________________________________
862 ._______________________________________________
882 ._______________________________________________
907 ._______________________________________________
911 ._______________________________________________
988 ._______________________________________________
1019-1054 .________________________________________
1113-1125 .________________________________________
3. ?
, 酻_________________________
, , ______________________________
4. :
____________________________________________________
|
|
|
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. ?___________________________
_________________
__________________________
, ,
_________
: ,
_____________________________
6. :
7. ?. ? ?
8. .
9. :
__________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
______________________________________________
_______________________________________
10. ? ?_______
___________________________________________________
11. :
_______________________________________
__________________________________
_____________________________________________
______________________________________
12. - .
1
1. .. / .. . ., 1995.
2. .. - / .. . ., 1966.
3. .. / .. . ., 1992.
4. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 3-94.
5. ? // . 1997. 3-4.
2.
XIVXV .
I. :
1. XIV XV .
2. . .
3. .
4. XV .
5. . III III.
II.
:
1. , , ?
2. :
.
. .
!
3. 100 ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
III.
1. :
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. ?
3. :
____________________
_____________________
I_____________________
|
|
|
___________________
4. ?
40
5. ?
____________________________________________________
6. XV ?
- , . ______________________________________________________
- ________________
7. :
-
__________________________1480 .
- __________________________1463 .
- _________________________________ 1478 .
- . ___________________________1471 .
8. . ?
, , , .
____________________________________________________
9. ?
1439 .______________________________________________
1453 .______________________________________________
2
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 94-152.
2. .. . XIIIXV / .. , .. . ., 1988.
3. .. /
.. . ., 1970.
4. .., .. // . 1991. 4.
5. .. // . 1995. 1.
3. XVIXVII .
I. :
1. IV . 50- .
2. : , , .
3. IV. . .
4. . .
5. . .
6. - .
7. XVII . .
8. . .
II. 1.
1. .
) , , , ?
) ?
) IV ?
2. (15651572 .).
) ? ?
) III III, , IV, , ?
) ?
) , ?
3. .
) , , ?
|
|
|
) ?
) , . . ?
III.
:
1. 1572 .?
2. IV , , ?
3. 1591 . ?
4. , ?
5. XVII . ?
6. ?
IV.
1. :
) _______________________
) - _________________
) _____________________________________
) ?____________________________
2. 1550 . ?
3. 50- . XVI .:
4. :
______________________1591 .
______________________ 1584 .
_________________________1598 .
_____________________________1589 .
- ?
| 1547 . |
| 1549 . |
| 1550 . |
| 1552 . |
| 1556 . |
| 1582 . |
| 1589 . |
| 1613 . |
| 1649 . |
| 1653 . |
3
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. - . 94-177.
2. .. / .. . ., 1989.
3. .. / .. . ., 1994.
4. .. / .. . ., 1983.
5. .. // . 1997. 3.
4. .
I. :
1. . I.
2. I: , , , , .
3. I. .
4.
II. 2.
1. (16941700 .).
) ?
) ?
) ?
2. .
) , ?
) ?
) ?
) ?
3. I .
) ?
) ? ? ?
) ?
) .. I : , ?
III.
1. . , . . .
IV.
1. :
I________________________1698 .
____1682 .
___________________________________1695 .
_____________________1696 .
_________________________1697 .
_______________________________1721 .
_______________________________1709 .
2. :
|
|
|
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
3. :
| XII | |
| II | |
| 酅 | |
| . | |
| 䅅.. | |
| I ... | , |
| .. | - |
| .. |
4. .. :
,
.
____________________________________________________
5. :
I
4
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 177-203.
2. .. // . 1989. 12.
3. . . // . 1992. 10.
4. . // . 1990. 2, 3.
5. .. I / .. . ., 2002.
5. XVIII .
I. :
1. I.
2. . .
3. .
4. . III.
5. .
6. II.
II.
:
1) : . . III II.
2) XVIII . , . .
3) ?
4) II ? ?
III.
1. .
1740-1741 .
II..1761-1762 .
III.1725-1727 .
1762-1796 .
I..1727-1730 .
II.1741-1761 .
.1730-1740 .
2. , .
3. :
..
充...
....
.
...
腅...
4. :
: , !...
,
:
, , ?
- :
!
1) ?
____________________________________________________
2). ?
____________________________________________________
5. :
..1767 .
..1785 .
腅1773 .
..1775 .
..1774 .
6. :
| , 1785 . | , 1785 . |
7. 1775 .
8. :
1) ?
2) , ?
3) , , ?
5
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 203-229.
2. .. II / .. . ., 1990.
3. .. II // . 1995. 3.
4. .. / .. . ., 1993.
6. XIX .
I. :
1. I.
2. 1812 . .
3. 14 .
4. I . .
5. 1830- 40- .
II.
:
1. , I, , , ?
2. ,
.. , ?
3. XIX .?
4. ?
5. 14 1825 . ? ?
6. .. , . ?
7. I: ? , , ?
III.
1. , .. . + , I , - , .
| + - | ||
| , | ||
2. :
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. 1825 ., . :
- 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815 , , (.. )
- (.. ).
- () XVIII ( .. ).
4. :
5. , . ?
- , (.. ).
- (.. ).
- , , , , ( I).
6. .. . , :
7. ( - ) , , :
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 246-280.
2. .. . .. / .. . ., 1989.
3. XVIII XIX . ., 1988.
4. 18011817. ., 1994. .13-91.
5. . I // . 1990 6.
6. .. .. / .. . ., 1989.
7. .. / .. . ., 1988.
7. XIX .
I. :
1. II .
2. XIX .
3. 2- XIX .
4. . 1 1881 . .
5. III.
II. 3. II
III
1. .
) ?
) 1861.
) , , , . ?
) , ?
2. , .
) . ?
) II ?
) 60-70- . ?
) .
3. III.
) III ?
) . : .
) III , ?
II.
:
1. 60-70- . , ?
2. . ?
3. ?
4. . ?
5. , , 1861 . ?
6. ?
7. - 1877-1878 .
IV.
1. .. :
,
:
,
2. , , , 1864 .:
I. .
II. , .
III. .
IV. .
V. .
VI. .
3. . , . , , , , . ?
4. :
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. , .
| .. | |
| II | |
| .. | |
| .. | |
6. .. : ( ) , . ?
7
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 280-326.
2. .. 1861 . : / .. . ., 1991.
3. .. / .. . ., 1987.
4. .. : / .. . ., 1994.
5. .. / .. . ., 1988.
8. XX .
I. :
1. : .. .
2. XIX . .
3. , .
4. , 1905-1907 .
5. : .
6. : , .
II. 4. 1905-1907 .
1. , , .
) XX . ?
) 1905 ., - ?
) -, ?
) 17 1905 .? ?
2. . .
) I II ?
) I II ?
) I II ?
3. .. . .
) , (-)?
) , , .. ?
) ?
III.
:
1. .. , , . ? ?
2. . **** . , ?
3. 3 1907 . 3-4 1993 . , , , ?
4. , 3 1907 .
5. ?
IV.
1. ( )?
, , 腻
. , , , .
2. :
| . | |||||
3. , ? :
4. , :
| , | ||
8
1. .. : / .. . 7- . ., 2005. . 326-367.
2. .. / .. . ., 1991.
3. .. / .. . ., 1993.
4. .. / .. . ., 1989.
5. . ., 1990.
9. . 19171991 .
I. :
1. 1917 : .
2. : . .
3. . 1929 . ?
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. (1953-1985 .).
8. (1985-1991 .): .
9. .
10. . . .
11. . .
II. 5. 1917
1. 1917 .
) 1917 . , , .
) . IV : , . .
) ? ?
) . ..?
2. 1917 . .
) , :
- ;
- ;
(.. , );
.
- ?
) - 1917 .?
) II , .
3. . .
) - .
) ,
) . . ( 1993 .)
) V 1918 .
) ?
9
1. . // . 1992. 10.
2. .. : // . 1996. 5-6.
3. .. : , , / .. . ., 1995.
4. 1917 : . ., 1999.
5. : . XX . .5 ., 1999. . 43-82.
