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17.

, , , - . ( ).

( ) , , , , .

- , . (), , () . , , , . , . , ( ).

: ( ).

. , , (. 8.22 ), (. 8.22 ). 1 ( 1) - , 2 ( 2) , fx . , , 3 ( 3), T 0 = 1 c. 4 ( 4) , 5 T 0 , Nx. fx ;

Nx = Ent [ T 0/ Tx ] = Ent [ T 0 fx ],

Ent [...] [...]; Tx (Tx = 1 / fx); fx .

5 . ( ). , , T 0 = 1 c 254 , , , fx = 254 . , .. . , . , .

, .. T 0 (, T 01 = 0,1 c; T 02 = 1.0 c; T 03 = 10 c). , .. T 0, . Nx ( , , ) T 0, , , , . F fx : F 1F 2, () T 0.

F 1 - . T 0/ Tx , . , T 0/ Tx . Nx, , , .

T 0, () T 0, , T 0, . (. 8.23, ): ( 1) , , , ( 2) .

F 1 , . :

F 1 = 1 = 1 / T 0.

, ∆ F 1 , .. fx (. 8.23 ).

F 2, () T 0, (. 8.24 ). T 0 , , , N 1 (. . 8.24 ). T 0 T 0 + ∆ T 0, fx : N 2 > N 1 (. . 8.24 ).

T 0 , .. fx, :

F 2 = fxT 0/ T 0.

F fx δ F, %, ;

F = ∆ F 1 + ∆ F 2 = [1 / T 0 + fx (∆ T 0/ T 0)];

δ F = δ F 1 + δ F 2 = [1 / T 0 fx + ∆ T 0/ T 0 ].

fx (. 8.25 8.25 ) .

. , T 0 = 1 cT 0 = 2 . fx = 1 .

F 1F 2 , :

F 1 = 1 / T 0 = 1; fxT 0/ T 0 = 1000 2 103 / 1 = 2.

δ F 1, δ F 2 , %, :

δ F 1 = (∆ F 1/ fx)100 = (1 / 1000)100 = 0,1;

δ F 2 = (∆ F 2/ fx)100 = (2 / 1000)100 = 0,2.

F , δ F %, fx :

F = ∆ F 1 + ∆ F 2 = 3;

δ F = δ F 1 + δ F 2 = 3.

. (. 8.26 ), (. 8.26 ). 1 ( 1) , 2 ( 2) , Tx .

Tx. 3 ( 3) F 0, . , 4 ( 4), Nx Tx:

Nx = Ent [ Tx / T 0 ] = Ent [ TxF 0 ],

Ent [...] [...]; T 0 .

, .

. , , F 0 = 1 , Nx = 1520, Tx = 1,52 c.

, .. . , .

, F 0 (, F 01 = 1.0 ; F 02 = 10 ; F 03 = 100 ; F 04 = 1,0 ), .

T ( ) Tx, , : ∆ T 1T 2, () F 0 .

T 1, (. 8.27 ). ∆ T 2, () (. 8.27 ).

F 0, , Tx, N 1. , , F 0 + ∆ F 0, Tx : N 2 > N 1. , .. , () T (. 8.27 ).

T Tx δ T %, :

T = ∆ T 1 + ∆ T 2 = [1 / F 0 + Tx (∆ F 0/ F 0)];

δ T = δ T 1 + δ T 2 = (1 / F 0 Tx + ∆ F 0/ F 0).

Tx (. 8.28). , Tx ( fx), , . Tx ( ) .

 

1 , - ?

2 ?

3 ?

4 ?

5 ?

 

 



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