. - - , (), , , ( ).
, (10 6... 10 7), ( ) ( ) . (. 8.3 ).
U , U ; ( ). + U U ( ). , . U ‒ U .
K 0 :
K 0 = .
(. 8.3 ) . , , ( 1). ( 2).
K 0. ,
U = ≈ U .
, : K 0 = ∞, R x0 = ∞ R 0 = 0. ( ) .
1. :
U 0 = = = 0.
2. :
I 0 = = = 0.
() . , (), . . , .
: . . .
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, . , (. 8.4 ).
, U = U = β Um, R 1, R 2. , , .
(. 8.4 ). U = 0, U = , ( 1 . 8.4 ).
U = β ,
β R 1, R 2 , β = R 1 / (R 1 + R 2).
, , U = β , . ( 2 3 . 8.4 ). , : U = β . , U = U = β , . , ( 4 5 . 8.4 ).
, . () , .
U = U + U = 2 β Um,
. , , .. .
:
U = ≈ U .
. , (. 8.5) ( . . μεα v δρ , ).
t = 0 U = . , U < U cp. t = t 1 U = U . U . t = t 2 U , .
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. , (. 8.6).
E, , (, ). . , . 2 0, 2 1, 2 2 2 3 :
K 0 = ‒ R 0 Q 0/ R; K 1 = ‒2 R 0 Q 1/ R; K 2 = ‒4 R 0 Q 2/ R; K 3 = ‒8 R 0 Q 3/ R.
Q 0, Q 1, Q 2, Q 3 , : 1 ( ), 0 ( ).
, , 0 15∆ (, ∆ ). , 1001 U 1 = ∆(1 ∙ 1 + 2 ∙ 0 + 4 ∙ 0 + 8 ∙ 1) = 9∆, 1100 U 2 = 12∆. E, . ().
- . , , . : , - .
( ) (. 8.7) , , . k - 2 k .
, RS - T () M . D/A, , U , K U . . , . , .
( ) k - 2 k ‒ 1 (. 8.8). , , , . ∆ = U / 2 k. , , 1, 0. CD, .
. .
- , . , , ∑, (. 8.9).
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- , 2 3, 2 4 2 5. , , U 1. ∑, U . 2, 2 2, 2 1, 2 0 .
- . , , () () . . .
1 ? ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 ? ?
5 ? ?
6 ?
7 ? .
8 ? , - ?