= S ´ cos j , .
= S ´ cos j , .
, , .
, ,
= ´ , ,
= ´ , ,
Q Q = ´ tg j, ,
Q Q = ´ Q, ,
n , , , .
- 1 , ,
- 2 ,
- 3 . , ,
- 4 ,
- 5 ,
- cos j, 7, cos j tg j, ,
- = ´ , 6,
- Q = P ´ tg j 8,
- (),
- , ( 4),
- ( 6),
- ( 8),
- ( 6 4),
- :
n = ,
n
n = n .
- ,
- 1, n > 10
1,1 n £ 10
- = ´ 11,
- Q = ´ Q 12,
- 1 ,
- 4 ,
- 5 , ,
- 6 = ´ S, 11,
|
|
- 7 cos j,
- 8 Q = ´ tg j, 12,
- ( 11),
- ( 12),
- . 13. ,
- . 11 12,
- 11 12 .
2.1
- | n, . | , | , | cos φ | Q , | η, . | , | Q, | S, | I, | |||
1 | tg φ | ||||||||||||
2.2 -
1
0,1 | 0,15 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,7 | |
5,01 | 3,44 | 2,69 | 1,9 | 1,52 | 1,24 | 1,11 | 1,0 | |
2,94 | 2,17 | 1,8 | 1,42 | 1,23 | 1,14 | 1,08 | 1,0 | |
2,28 | 1,73 | 1,46 | 1,19 | 1,06 | 1,04 | 1,0 | 0,97 | |
1,31 | 1,12 | 1,02 | 1,0 | 0,38 | 0,96 | 0,94 | 0,93 | |
6 8 | 1,2 | 1,0 | 0,96 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,92 | 0,91 |
9 10 | 1,1 | 0,97 | 0,91 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 0,9 |
10 25 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 0,9 | 0,9 |
25 50 | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,8 | 0,85 | 0,85 |
50 | 0,65 | 0,65 | 0,65 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,75 | 0,8 | 0,8 |
2.3 -
6 (10)
6 (10) | |||||
2 + 4 | 5 + 8 | 9 + 15 | 16 + 25 | 25 | |
< 0,3 | 0,95 | 0,9 | 0,85 | 0,8 | 0,75 |
0,3 ³ < 0,5 | 1,0 | 0,95 | 0,95 | 0,9 | 0,85 |
0,5 ³ £ 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,95 | 0,95 | 0,9 |
> 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,95 |
2.4 -
n | |||||||||
0,1 | 0,15 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,7 | 0,8 | |
8,0 | 5,3 | 4,0 | 2,66 | 2,0 | 1,6 | 1,33 | 1,14 | 1,0 | |
4,52 | 3,2 | 2,55 | 1,9 | 1,58 | 1,41 | 1,28 | 1,14 | 1,0 | |
3,42 | 2,47 | 2,0 | 1,53 | 1,3 | 1,24 | 1,14 | 1,08 | 1,0 | |
2,84 | 2,1 | 1,78 | 1,34 | 1,16 | 1,15 | 1,08 | 1,03 | 1,0 | |
2,64 | 1,96 | 1,62 | 1,28 | 1,14 | 1,12 | 1,06 | 1,01 | 1,0 | |
2,5 | 1,87 | 1,54 | 1,25 | 1,12 | 1,10 | 1,04 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
2,37 | 1,78 | 1,48 | 1,19 | 1,10 | 1,08 | 1,02 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
2,26 | 1,7 | 1,43 | 1,16 | 1,08 | 1,07 | 1,01 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
2,18 | 1,65 | 1,4 | 1,13 | 1,06 | 1,05 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
2,1 | 1,6 | 1,35 | 1,1 | 1,05 | 1,04 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
2,04 | 1,59 | 1,32 | 1,08 | 1,04 | 1,03 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,98 | 1,52 | 1,29 | 1,06 | 1,03 | 1,02 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,93 | 1,49 | 1,27 | 1,05 | 1,02 | 1,01 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,9 | 1,46 | 1,25 | 1,03 | 1,01 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,85 | 1,43 | 1,23 | 1,02 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,81 | 1,4 | 1,2 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,78 | 1,38 | 1,19 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,75 | 1,35 | 1,17 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,72 | 1,34 | 1,16 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,7 | 1,33 | 1,15 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
2.4.
|
|
n | |||||||||
0,1 | 0,15 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,7 | 0,8 | |
1,66 | 1,3 | 1,13 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,65 | 1,29 | 1,12 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,62 | 1,28 | 1,11 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,6 | 1,27 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,51 | 1,21 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,44 | 1,16 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,4 | 1,13 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,35 | 1,1 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,3 | 1,07 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,25 | 1,03 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,2 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,16 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,13 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |
1,1 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
3
( ) . , , , , , , 6 10 . , , .
( ) , .
. , (, , ), S i , .
:
- X Y () ,
- , , :
, ,
, ,
m , /2 /2,
, Q , , ,
, Q , , ,
R , .
m , .
- :
, ,
R R - , ,
Q , , ,
m m - , /2 , /2 .
cosφ,
Q = P tgφ.,
- :
, ,
(X0, Y0) ,
, ,
(0, Y0) ,
0, Y0 , ,
0, Y0 , .
- , .
4
. , , . 6, 10, 35, 110,154 220 .
|
|
6, 10 20 . 10 . 6 6 ( 25% S ), 6 . 20 ( ) (, ).
. , S , , , - , , . , (), () .
III , . II III .
I II .
.
. , , 3 , .
.
:
S ≥ S / (0,7.0,9), .
, , . 40% ( 6 ). 93%. , :
, ,
Sm , ,
, ,
βT .
1,4 S ≥ 0,75 S.
, 6 10 , : 100, 160, 250, 400, 630, 1000, 1600, 2500 . 6 10 , .
5
5.1
, . , .
|
|
, :
0,85 ,
0,93 110 220 35 , ,
0,95 35 , 110 220 .
(6 10 ) , .
, : , , 40%, , , , , , 30%, .
. . . , - . 6 10 .
:
- 400 ( 6-10 ), , ,
- 6 10 100 , , ,
- 0,22 0,66 30 ,
- 0,22 0,66 ,
- 0,22 0,66 ,
- 6 10 110 220 , 6 10 ,
- 6 10 , ,
- 6 10 , , 6 10 .
5.2
:
5.2.1 .
5.2.2 1 6 10 , .
1 :
Q = Q1 + Q2, ,
Q1 Q2 , , .
, 1 :
, ,
Q - , ,
N , .