, 1 /. 1.86 0.52 K−1 . , , m = 1 /.
. , , 1 /³, .
, ; .
27
́ ( . ὄσμος , ) ́ ( ).
: , , , - (, , , ), , .
. , , , , ; , , . , , .
, .
( π) , , . .
-, , . , , . , .
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28
́ , , , . , , 100 100 ³ () (/100 ³/100 ³). . .
H+ | Li+ | K+ | Na+ | NH4+ | Ba2+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Sr2+ | Al3+ | Cr3+ | Fe2+ | Fe3+ | Ni2+ | Co2+ | Mn2+ | Zn2+ | Ag+ | Hg2+ | Pb2+ | Sn2+ | Cu2+ | |
OH− | P | P | P | P | M | H | M | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | ||||
F− | P | P | P | P | P | M | H | H | M | P | H | H | H | P | P | M | P | P | M | H | P | P |
Cl− | P | P | P |