151-200 .1 .
1. ( , ), .
2. :
) () ; ) .
3. : ) ; ) . , , .
4. , . , (s -, p -, d -, f -) .
5. .
6. , (.4). ˳ 268 /.
1.
3, 79 5, 57 6, 72 7, 73 8, 74 9, 75 10, 78 11, 79 12, 56 13, 81 14, 82 15, 83 16, 84 17, 85 35, 86 19, 87 20, 59 | 21, 89 22, 72 23, 60 24, 61 25, 65 26, 68 27, 77 28, 71 29, 55 30, 56 31, 81 32, 82 33, 83 34, 84 35, 85 36, 53 | 45, 77 46, 78 37, 90 38, 91 39, 92 40, 72 41, 73 42, 74 43, 75 44, 76 47, 79 48, 80 49, 81 50, 82 51, 83 52, 84 53, 85 | ||||||||||
7. (.5) ( ) - , ó ( ) ( ).
, ó 3,5; 3,0 2,1.
. 4 80 .
1. ϳ 4 80 :
, 4, +4, 9,012, 2- , II , , ;
, 80g, +80, 200,59, 6- , II , , .
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2. :
: ) 4 - 1 s 22 s 2; ) ( , , "璺" 2 s - 2 p -) 4* - 1 s 22 s 12 p 1;
: )
80g - 1 s 22 s 22 63 s 23 p 63 d 104 s 24 p 64 d 104 f 145 s 25 p 65 d 106 s 2;
)
80g* - 1 s 22 s 22 63 s 23 p 63 d 104 s 24 p 64 d 104 f 145 s 25 p 65 d 106 s 16 p 1.
3. , , :
: ) : ) :
2 s 2 2 p 0 2 s 1 2 p 1
[4] − ;; [4*] − ;
: ) : ) :
6 s 2 6 p 0 6 d 0 6 s 1 6 p 1 6 d 0
.;;.
[80Hg] − [80Hg*]
ʳ , .2.
2.
) : Hg | 3 8 | |||
) : * Hg* | 2 7 | |||
4. s -, 2 s -. d -, 5 d -. , , , .3.
3.
n | l | m | s | ||||||||||||
(2 s 2) | +1/2 −1/2 | ||||||||||||||
Hg (5 d 10) | −2 −1 +1 +2 −2 −1 +1 +2 | +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 −1/2 −1/2 −1/2 −1/2 −1/2 | |||||||||||||
5. :
2+ - 1 s 22 s 0; g2+ - [54] 4 f 145 d 106 s 0.
6. () . 㳿 (I) (), C = 0,5( + ).
.4
18 / (), 18 / (g) 9,32 (),
10,44 (Hg).
, (1 = 1,602·10−19 ), .
Be = 9,32·1,602·10−19·6,02·1023 = 899,5 /;
Hg = 10,44·1,602·10−19·6,02·1023 = 1007,1 /;
X = [899,5 + (−18)] = 440,8 /;
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Hg = [1007,1 + (−18)] = 494,6 /.
˳
(XLi = 268 /); , (c) :
c = cHg = .
7. − , .
− −Cl (c) , , Dc= c1 − c2, c1 − ; c2 − .
Dc() = c c = 3,5 − 1,6 = 1,9; Dc(l) = cI c = 3,0 − 1,6 = 1,4;
Dc(g) = c cHg = 3,5 − 1,9 = 1,6; Dc(gCl) = cCl cHg = 3,0 − 1,9 = 1,1.
(. .5). , (II) - ( 50 %), (HgCl2, BeCl2 HgO) . 20 40 %.
Ͳ
, , , , , . . , .
1. , 3+, l-, NH3, Na+.
3+, . . ˳ l NH3, . : [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, Na3[CoCl6], Na2[CoCl5(NH3)], [Co(NH3)3l3].
2. Ag+ 0,005 [Ag(CN)2], 0,01 CN 1 .
[Ag(CN)2] Ag+ + 2CN-.
CN, N, , CN-, [Ag(CN)2], . [CN] = [N] = = 0,01 /.
, [Ag(CN)2]- = 0,05 /,
= 10-21;
³: Ag + 510-19 /.
201220 , , . .
.
201. K3[Fe(CN)6]; [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4; [Ca(H2O)6]Cl2; Ag2[HgI4].
202. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl6; K4[Fe(CN)6]; K2[PtCl6]; [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4.
203. [Pt(NH3)6]Cl2; Na3[Ag(S2O3)2]; [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3; [Cr(H2O)(NH3)4OH]Br2.
204. K2[Cu(CN)4]; [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl; [Ag(NH3)2]Cl; [Co(NH3)6]Cl2.
205. K[AuCl4]; [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4; [Cd(H2O)6]Cl2; [Pt(NH3)4Cl]Cl2.
206. [C(H2O)6]SO4; [Cd(NH3)6]Br2; [Pt(NH3)3Cl3]Cl; [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl.
207. [Cr(H2O)6]F3; Ca2[Fe(CN)6]; K2[Mo(CN)6]; K[Au(CNS)4](OH)2.
208. K3[Co(NH3)6]; Ba[Pt(CN)6]; K2[Cd(CN)4]; Na[AgCl2].
209. K[Pt(NH3)6]; [Cr(H2O)5Cl]SO4; Na2[Pt(NH3)3(NO2)3]; Na2[Ni(CN)4].
210. Na[BF4]; [Co(N2O)3(NH3)3]Cl5; H2[Pt(CN)6]; [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.
211. [Al(H2O)6]Cl3; Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO2)]; K4[Fe(CN)6]; Na3[Hg(CNS)4].
212. K2[Ni(CN)4]; [Cr(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2; Na2[Pt(OH)6]; Na3[AlF6].
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213. K3[Fe(CN)6]; K[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]; [Pd(NH3)3H2O]Cl2; Na3[Fe(NO2)(CN)5].
214. Ba2[Co(OH)6]; [Ag(NH3)2]Cl; [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3; [Ni(NH3)6]2[Fe(CN)6].
215. [Ag(NH3)2]NO2; Ca2[Fe(CN)6]; [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3; [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Br.
216. [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]SO4; Na4[Ni(CN)6]; K2[PtCl6]; [Cu(H2O)4]Cl2.
217. [Ni(NH3)4]Br2; Zn[Fe(CN)5(NO)]; K3[AlCl6]; [Co(NH3)4Cl2]2SO4.
218. Na2[Zn(OH)4]; K3[Fe(CN)5(NO2)]; K[AuCl4]; [Ni(NH3)4(H2O)2]SO4.
219. K[Al(OH)4]; [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4; [Ni(NH3)6](ClO4)2; [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2.
220. Na2[Cu(OH)4]; K3[Fe(CN)6]; [Ag(NH3)2]Cl; [Co(NH3)3(H2O)2Cl]SO4.
221236 (.4) . . [4, .20].
4. 221236
Ni2+, CN, Cl, Na+ | Zn2+, CNS, H2O, K+ | ||
K+, Pt+4, Cl, NH3 | K+, Al3+, Cl, H2O | ||
Cu2+, H2O, SO42, Na+ | 2+, H2O, Cl, Na+ | ||
Fe2+, NH3, Br, K+ | Pb2+, H2O, Br, Na+ | ||
Ag+, NH3, Cl, H2O | Pt+4, H2O, Cl, Na+ | ||
Cr+3, H2O, Cl, Na+ | Cd2+, CNS, Cl, Na+ | ||
Bi3+, H2O, NO32, Na+ | Co3+, H2O, OH, Na+ | ||
Fe3+, H2O, Br, K+ | Sn2+, OH, H2O, K+ |
237. (N)2u(CNS)2. 䳿 2SO4 BaSO4. . , 0,125 0,25 . H2SO4? .
238. PtCl46NH3. 䳿 AgNO3 AgCl. . , 0,01 0,02 . AgNO3? .
239. CrCl35H2O. . . , ᒺ 0,1 . AgNO3 200 0,01 . .
240. , 23,25 l34NH3, AgNO3. AgCl 14,35 .
. .
241. 0,1 K2[Cd(CN)4],
6,5 / KCN; [Cd(CN)4]2 = 7,661018. .
242. 0,5 0,1 Na3[Ag(S2O3)2], 0,1 / Na3S2O3; [Ag(S2O3)2]3 = 1,001018? .
243. Br [Cr(H2O)6]Br2 0,025 AgNO3, 10 % (r = 1088 /3). ? .
244. 0,1 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl, 5,89108. 5 / NH3. .
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245. [CdI4]2 7,94107. - 0,1 K2[CdI4], 0,1 ʲ 1 . [CdI4]2 = 1,74107. .
246. [AlF6]3 1,451020. 0,25 0,24 . Na3[AlF6], 2,5 KF? .
247. [Zn(OH)4]2 25 7,081014. D G 0 [Zn(OH)4]2 Zn2+ + 4OH , . .
248. 㳿 ó [Cu(CN)2]2 Cu2+ + 2CN 25
137 /. . .
249. 0,01 K[Ag(CN)2],
1,001021. 0,05 NaCN 1 . .
250. [HgI4]2 1,381030. 0,1 0,01 K2[HgI4], 5 NaI?