: Past Indefinite
ed .
Past Indefinite II
:
Jeorge passed his exams successfully. .
She came to me last week. .
- ed , .
1. - e, - d:
Improve () improved ().
Like () liked ().
2. - ed / t /, :
Stop () stopped ().
Polish () polished ().
, - ed , stop.
3. - ed / d /, :
Study () studied ().
Travel () travelled ().
4. - ed / id /, - t - d:
Report () reported ().
Pretend () pretended ().
, . . , , , :
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Participle II | |
| Arise | Arose | Arisen | |
| Awake | Awoke | Awoken | |
| Be | Was (were) | Been | |
| Bear | Bore | Born | , |
| Beat | Beat | Beaten | |
| Become | Became | Become | |
| Begin | Began | Begun | |
| Bend | Bent | Bent | |
| Bet | Bet | Bet | |
| Bind | Bound | Bound | |
| Bite | Bit | Bitten | |
| Bleed | Bled | Bled | |
| Blow | Blew | Blown | |
| Break | Broke | Broken | |
| Breed | Bred | Bred | |
| Bring | Brought | Brought | |
| Build | Built | Built | |
| Buy | Bought | Bought | |
| Catch | Caught | Caught | |
| Choose | Chose | Chosen | |
| Cling | Clung | Clung | |
| Come | Came | Come | |
| Cost | Cost | Cost | |
| Cut | Cut | Cut | |
| Deal | Dealt | Dealt | |
| Dig | Dug | Dug | |
| Do | Did | Done | |
| Draw | Drew | Drawn | , |
| Drink | Drank | Drunk | |
| Drive | Drove | Driven | |
| Eat | Ate | Eaten | |
| Fall | Fell | Fallen | |
| Feed | Fed | Fed | |
| Feel | Felt | Felt | |
| Fight | Fought | Fought | |
| Find | Found | Found | |
| Flee | Fled | Fled | |
| Fly | Flew | Flown | |
| Forbid | Forbade | Forbidden | |
| Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | |
| Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | |
| Freeze | Froze | Frozen | |
| Get | Got | Got (gotten) | |
| Give | Gave | Given | |
| Go | Went | Gone | |
| Grow | Grew | Grown | |
| Hang | Hung | Hung | |
| Have (has) | Had | Had | |
| Hear | Heard | Heard | |
| Hide | Hid | Hidden | |
| Hit | Hit | Hit | , |
| Hold | Held | Held | |
| Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | |
| Keep | Kept | Kept | |
| Know | Knew | Known | |
| Lay | Laid | Laid | , |
| Lead | Led | Led | , |
| Learn | Learnt (learned) | Learnt (learned) | , |
| Leave | Left | Left | , |
| Lend | Lent | Lent | |
| Let | Let | Let | |
| Lie | Lay | Lain | |
| Light | Lit | Lit | , |
| Lose | Lost | Lost | |
| Make | Made | Made | , |
| Mean | Meant | Meant | |
| Meet | Met | Met | , |
| Pay | Paid | Paid | |
| Put | Put | Put | , |
| Read | Read | Read | |
| Ride | Rode | Ridden | |
| Ring | Rang | Rung | |
| Rise | Rose | Risen | , |
| Run | Ran | Run | |
| Say | Said | Said | |
| See | Saw | Seen | |
| Seek | Sought | Sought | |
| Sell | Sold | Sold | |
| Send | Sent | Sent | |
| Set | Set | Set | |
| Shake | Shook | Shaken | |
| Shine | Shone | Shone | , |
| Shoot | Shot | Shot | |
| Show | Showed | Shown | |
| Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk | |
| Shut | Shut | Shut | , |
| Sing | Sang | Sung | |
| Sit | Sat | Sat | |
| Sleep | Slept | Slept | |
| Slide | Slid | Slid | |
| Smell | Smelt | Smelt | , |
| Speak | Spoke | Spoken | |
| Speed | Sped (speeded) | Sped (speeded) | |
| Spell | Spelt (spelled) | Spelt (spelled) | |
| Spend | Spent | Spent | , |
| Spill | Spilt (spilled) | Spilt (spilled) | |
| Spin | Spun | Spun | |
| Split | Split | Split | , |
| Spoil | Spoilt (spoiled) | Spoilt (spoiled) | |
| Spread | Spread | Spread | , |
| Stand | Stood | Stood | |
| Steal | Stole | Stolen | |
| Sting | Stung | Stung | |
| Stink | Stank | Stunk | |
| Strike | Struck | Struck | , |
| Swear | Swore | Sworn | , |
| Sweep | Swept | Swept | |
| Swell | Swelled | Swollen (swelled) | |
| Swim | Swam | Swum | |
| Take | Took | Taken | |
| Teach | Taught | Taught | |
| Tear | Tore | Torn | |
| Tell | Told | Told | |
| Think | Thought | Thought | |
| Throw | Threw | Thrown | |
| Understand | Understood | Understood | |
| Wake | Woke | Woken | |
| Wear | Wore | Worn | () |
| Win | Won | Won | |
| Wind | Wound | Wound | , |
| Write | Wrote | Written |
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. . . .
Present Perfect
. . (, , ), .
:
( . - ).
. (: , , ).
present perfect to have (have/has) ( ) (III ). .
: play-played
Look looked
:
. I have played this game.
.- He has looked through the magazine.
1 10. We have counted from 1 to 10.
. , . .
I have written the letter.
He has read the book.
We have understood the rule.
to have not.
I have not (havent) sent the letter.
He has not (hasnt) done it.
We have not (havent) drunk the water.
, . : already, just, yet, ever, never. ( !) present perfect.
:
I never drink milk for breakfast.
He has never drunk milk.
I am never late.
I have never been late.
:
I have already read this book.
He has never been to Paris.
Have you ever played chess?
.
already
They have already helped her. .
yet, :
Have you been there yet? ?
Has he spoken to mother yet? ?
yet
We havent had coffee yet. .
He hasnt eaten his lunch yet.- .
, present perfect , , . - , / past simple.
:
-Have you been to Poland? ( ? , , ).
- Yes, I have.
-When were you there? ( , ).
- I was there last summer.
, this week, this month, this year present perfect.
I havent seen him this week ( ).
He has been to London this year. ( ).
.
Present Perfect , , ( , ) . to be, to know, to have.
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/ .
:
I have been here for three days.- ( 3 ).
We have known each other since 1990. 1990.
since for.
