.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Sequence of Tenses (Backshift)

A (an) Indefinite Article,

one,

1 , , -

He is a student Give me a pen

2

They live in a new house

3

to have a talk to give a smile

4

in a minute for a while

The Definite Article,

this, this

1

For lunch I had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich wasnt very good

2 E ,

I cleaned the car yesterday (= my car) Is the coffee hot? (this coffee)

3

Did Ann get the job she applied for?

4

Its the funniest book Ive ever read

5

the earth, the sun, the moon, the universe

6 ,

the doctor, the guitar, the bank

1 ( a)

We are students

2 (

, )

Hares like carrots Libraries are available now in the Net

3

at school, at home, go home, come home, to have breakfast, for dinner

 

While the auto waits (after OHenry)


1 __ girl in grey came again to that quite corner of 2 __ park. She sat down on 3 __ bench and began to read 4 __ book. She had come here at 5 __ same hour on 6 __ previous day, and on 7 __ day before that, and there was 8 __ young man who new it. 9 __ young man came nearer. At that moment her book fell on 10__ ground. 11__ young man picked up 12 __ book and returned it to 13 __ girl, saying 14 __ few words about 15 __ weather and stood waiting. 16 __ girl looked at his simple coat and his common face.

You may sit down, if you like, she said. 17 __ light is too bad for reading. I should like to talk.

Do you know, he said, that you are 18 __ finest girl I have seen.

Whoever you are, said 19 __ girl in 20 __ icy tone, you must remember that I am 21 __ lady.

I beg you pardon, said 22 __ young man, but

Let's change 23 __ subject. I come here to seat because it is here that I can be near the masses of people. I speak to you because I want to speak to 24 __natural man. Oh! You dont know how tired I am of all these 25 __dinners, 26__ trips, 27__ parties. I am tied of 28 __pleasure, of 29 __travel.

I always had 30__ idea, said 31__ young man, that money can be 32 __ very good thing.

When you have so many millions! 33 __theatres, 34__ balls, 35__ suppers! I am tired of it, said 36 __ young girl.

37 __ young man looked at her with 38 __interest. Sometimes, continued 39 __ girl, I think if I ever loved 40 __ man I would love 41 __ simple man. What are you?

I am 42 __ very simple man. But I hope to rise in 43 __ world. I work at 44 __ restaurant.

45The girl drew back. Im 46 __ cashier at 47 __ restaurant you see there with that brilliant electric sign.

The girl looked at her watch and rose. Why are you not at 48 __work? she asked.

I am on night shift, said 49 __ young man, may I hope to see you again?

I dont know. I must go now. Oh, theres 50 __dinner and 51 __ concert to-night. Perhaps you noticed 52 __ white auto at 53 __ corner of 54 __ park when you came?

Yes, I did, said the young man.

I always come in it, 55 __ girl said, 56 __ driver is waiting for me there. Good night.

But it is dark now, said young man. May I accompany you to 57 __ car?

You will remain on 58 __ bench for ten minutes after I have left.

And she went away. 59 __ young man looked at her elegant figure while she was going to 60 __ entrance of 61 __ park. Then he rose and followed her. When she reached 62 __ park gate, she turned her head to look at 63 __ car, then passed it, crossed 64 __ street and entered 65 __ restaurant. A red-haired girl left 66 __ cashiers desk and 67 __ girl in grey took her place.

68 The young man walked slowly down 69 __ street. He got into 70 __ white car and said to 71 __ driver: Club, Henry.

Passive Voice

  Simple Continuous Perfect Modals
Present is told is being told has been told can be told
Past was told was being told had been told could be told
Future will be told   will have been told  

 

1

 

I - Put in the Passive Present 1 the office clean every day The office is cleaned every day 2 these rooms clean every day? 3 glass make from sand 4 stemps sell in a post office 5 this room not use very often 6 we allow to park here? 7 how this word pronounce?   III Use the Present Passive or the Past Passive (clean) damage find give invite make make show steal (take) 1 The room is cleaned every day 2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital 3 Paper ___ from wood 4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms ___ 5 Where did you get this picture? It ____ to me by the friend of mine 6 Many American programmes ____ on British television 7Did Jim and Sue go to the Wedding? No. They ____ but they didnt go 8 How old is this film? It ___ in 1995  
II Put in the Passive Past 1 the office clean yesterday The office was cleaned yesterday 2 the house paint last month 3 three people injure in the accident 4 my bicycle steal a few days ago 5 when this bridge build? 6 you invite to the party last week? 7 how these windows breake? 8 I not wake up by the noise   IV Correct the sentences 1 This house built 100 years ago This house was built 100 years ago 2 Football plays in most countries of the world 3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? 4 A garage is a place where cars repair 5 Where are you born? 6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? 7 Somebody broken into our house but nothing stolen 8 When was invented the bicycle?  

2 - Translate

I was told I am being told I will be told I have already been told

3 Put the verbs in the necessary form of the Passive

German speak in Austria

This house build in 1885

These computers make in Korea

Passengers ask not to speak to the driver

We invite to Marys party

 

Aunt: And how Jimmy do at his history exam?

Mother: Oh, not at all well, but it wasnt his fault. Why, he ask the things that happened before the poor boy bear.

4 - Put the verbs in the necessary form of the Passive or Active

 

It was a sleepy sort of day, the class be half the usual size and the professor call the roll.

To each name someone had answered here until the name Smith call. Silence reigned for a moment, then it break by a professors voice.

- Hasnt Mr. Smith any friends here?

 

The talent of Thomas Gainsborough, one of the most famous English painters of the 18-th century discover in an unusual way. As a boy he lived in the country and once, while walking near his fathers house, he see a thief climb over the wall of a neighbours garden. He looked at a man, went back home and drew a picture. It bring to the police by his father. The likeness was so good that quite soon the thief catch. The family of Thomas was poor, but after that case it decide to send him to London to study painting. An amazing thing that in the 19 th century the picture of Gainsborough The pear thief steal from the National gallery and never find.

 

A man at the theatre annoy by continual conversation in the row behind.

Excuse me, he said, but we cant hear a word that say.

Oh, replied the talkative one, indignantly. And is any business of yours what I tell my wife?

 

5 - Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences

1) I can't use my office at the moment. It ___ (paint).

2) We didnt go to the party. We ____ (not/invite).

3) The washing machine was broken but its OK now. It ___ (repair).

4) The washing machine ___ (repair) yesterday afternoon.

5) A factory is a place where things ___ (make).

6) How old are these houses? When ___ (they/build)?

7) A: ___ (the computer/use) at the moment?

B: Yes, Jim is using it.

8) Ive never seen these flowers before. What ___ (they/call)?

9) Some trees ___ (blow) down in the storm last night.

10) The bridge is closed at the moment. It ___ (damage) last week and it ___ (not/repair) yet.

6 Active or passive? Complete the sentences

1 They ____ (build) a new air port at the moment

2 These shirts are clean now. They ____ (wash).

3 - How did you fall? Somebody me (push).

4 - How did you fall? I (push).

5 I cant find my bag. Somebody (take) it!

6 My watch is broken. It (repair) at the moment.

7 Who (invent) the camera?

8 When (the camera/invent)?

9 The letter was for me, so why ____(they/send) it to you?

10 The information will (send) to you as soon as possible.

9 Match the achievements and the people Pattern:The wireless was invented by Marconi.

Use the verbs: to discover, to invent, to write, to make, to sing, to compose, to design, to name, to build, to paint, to shoot.

Mickey Mouse Greenland penicillin A Farewell to Arms St. Paul's Cathedral America the Vight bulb Oliver Twist the telephone Aida the Pyramids Guernica Psycho Lord of the Flies Lord of the Rings Yesterday the safety razor the Statue of Liberty Porgy and Bess Thomas Edison Alfred Hitchcock Sir Christopher Wren Gustav Eiffel the Beatles Verdi King Camp Gillette Eric the Red Alexander Fleming Ernest Hemingway George Gershwin Pablo Picasso the Ancient Egyptians Dickens Alexander Bell Tolkien Columbus William Golding Walt Disney  

 

7 Use the Past Simple Active or the Past Simple Passive instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1) They (to go) into the storeroom where some of the goods (to keep)

2) The flowers (to bring in) and (to put) into the blue vase. The first thing which Dinny (to see) when she (to come in) were those flowers.

3) The book (to put) on the shelf. No one (to notice) it.

4) The matter (to forget) by everyone. But Jenny (to remember).

5) Mark (to forget) to close the window. It (not to take notice of).

6) She (to operate on) by a distinguished surgeon. Soon she (to recover).

7) He (to know) that the thief (to hide) by the darkness.

8) Tony's proposal (to turn down - ), but he (not to ask) why.

9) 'Did they (to ask) you many questions?' 'No, the inspector only (to ask) me some not very important questions. The one which could cause us some trouble (not to ask).'

10) We (to receive) a lot of letters every day. Once we (to give) a letter which (to change) everything, though at the moment it (not to pay attention to).

11) The book much (to speak about). It (to become) a bestseller.

12) The patient (to take care of) well.

 

8 1)Kerrie has paid the bill 2) I have eaten a hamburger. 3) We have cycled five miles. 4) Jane will buy a new computer. 5) Her friend will install it. 6) Millions of people will watch the film. 7) I can answer the question. 8) She would carry the box. 9) You should open the window.

 

9 Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

I

1) I have opened the present.

2) They have not read the book.

3) You have not sent the parcel.

4) We have not agreed to this issue.

5) They have not caught the thieves.

6) Has she phoned him?

7) Have they noticed us?

II

1) Our boss will sign the contract.

2) You will not do it.

3) They will not show the new film.

4) He won't see Sue.

5) They will not ask him.

6) Will the company employ a new worker?

7) Will the plumber repair the shower?

III

1) We might play cards.

2) You ought to wash the car.

3) He must fill in the form.

4) They need not buy bread.

5) He could not read the sentence.

6) Will the teacher test our English?

7) Could Jenny lock the door?

IV

1) John collects money.

2) Anna opened the window.

3) We have done our homework.

4) I will ask a question.

5) He can cut out the picture.

6) The sheep ate a lot.

7) We do not clean our rooms.

8) William will not repair the car.

9) Did Sue draw this circle?

10) Could you feed the dog?

 

 

10 1) We will deliver the goods immediately.

2) We arranged a meeting.

3) You have made a mistake.

4) We are processing your order.

5) Jane had booked a flight.

6) He has not answered our letter.

7) She did not sign the contract.

 

11 The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wild

Chapter I

When the American, Mr Otis, bought Canterville Castle, everyone 1 tell him that this was very foolish, as the place 2 haunt. But Mr Otis answered, I come from a modern country, where we have everything that money can buy. And if there were such a thing as a ghost in Europe, we would have it at home in one of our museums.

A few weeks later, on a lovely July evening, Mr Otis, his wife and their children, Washington, Virginia and the twins, went down to their new home. Mrs Umney, the housekeeper, led them into the library of the castle, where they sat down and began to look around. Suddenly, Mrs Otis saw a red stain on the floor just by the fireplace and said to Mrs Umney, I am afraid something 3 split here.

Yes, madam, said the old housekeeper in a low voice, blood 4 split on that spot.

How terrible, said Mrs Otis; I don't want any blood-stains in my sitting-room. It 5 must remove at once.

The old woman smiled and answered, It is the blood of Lady Eleanore de Canterville, who 6 muder on that spot by her husband, Sir Simon de Canterville, in 1575. Sir Simon disappeared seven years later. His body 7 never find, but his ghost still haunt the Castle. The blood-stain is a tourist attraction now and it 8 can not remove.

That is all nonsense, said Washington, the eldest son of the Otis family, stain remover 9 clean it up in no time, and he took a bottle of stain remover out of his pocket and cleaned the spot. But as soon as the blood-stain 10 disappear, a terrible flash of lightning 11 lit up the room and a fearful peal of thunder made the whole building shake.

12 Put in the Passive Voice

1) Rachel will give you some advice.

2) I sent him a letter.

3) The police officer showed us the way.

4) Our neighbour gave me a lift.

5) We have asked him a favour.

6) She told me a lie.

7) They have written her a postcard.

8) Kerrie will make you a cup of tea.

9) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.

10) They did not offer her a seat.

 

13 Translate

1. . 2 . 3. , . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. , . 11. . 12. ? 13. . 14. ? 15. . 16. ? 17. . 18. XVI .

 

14 Open the brackets

Chapter II

There was a horrible storm that night, but apart from that nothing scary happened. The next morning, however, when the family (1 - come) down to breakfast, they (2 - find) the terrible stain of blood once again on the floor. Washington cleaned it a second time, but the second morning it appeared again. The third morning it was there, too, although the library (3 - lock up) at night by Mr Otis himself.

The following night, all doubts about the existence of the ghost were finally removed forever. At eleven o'clock the family went to bed and some time after, Mr Otis (4 - awoke) by a strange noise in the corridor, outside his room. It (5 - sound) like the clank of metal, and it came nearer every moment. Mr Otis got up and looked at the time. It was exactly one o'clock. So Mr Otis put on his slippers, went to the door and opened it. There, right in front of him, stood the ghost - his eyes were as red as burning coals; long grey hair fell over his shoulders and from his wrists and ankles hung heavy chains.

My dear Sir, said Mr Otis, you must oil those chains. It's impossible to sleep with such a noise going on outside the bedrooms. I have therefore brought you this bottle of lubricator, and I will be happy to supply you with more if you (6 - require) it. With these words Mr Otis laid the bottle down, closed his door and went back to bed.

Shocked, the Canterville ghost stood quite motionless for a moment, but then he growled angrily. Just at this moment, the twins (7 - appeare) on the corridor and (8 - throw) a large pillow at him! The ghost hastily escaped through the wall, and the house became quiet again.

When the ghost reached his small secret chamber, he took a deep breath. No ghosts in history

(9 - ever treat) in this manner!


15 , Future Simple Active Future Simple Passive.

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5 . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. . 18. . 19. ? 20. ? 21. ?

Past Perfect (had +3 form)

,

1) ;

He understood that he had lost his way.

2) .

We had arrived by 5.

, , , Past Perfect

1 , Past Simple Past Perfect.

1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 7. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 8. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 9. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 10. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock. 11. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 12. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 13. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

2 , Past Simple Past Perfect.

1. (to study) French before he (to enter) the university. 2. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 3. The boy (to want) to act the main part in the play because he (to organize) the theatre. 4. Lanny (not to know) who (to attack) him in the darkness. 5. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window. 6. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 7. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers. 8. When his uncle (to leave), he (to hurry) to the station to book a ticket. 9. She (to think) that Gert and Lanny (to quarrel). 10. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 11. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 12. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 13. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 14. Where you (to work) before you (to enter) the institute? 15. By two o'clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 16. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 17. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully. 18. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 19. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him. 20. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life.

 

Sequence of Tenses (Backshift)

, . , , .

 

 
Past Simple / Past Cont He told that he was going home. , .
Past Perfect / Past Perf Cont He told that he had gone home. , .
Future in the Past He told that h would go home. , .

Indirrect Speach

.

The director said that he was pleased with the work.

.

Mary asked how she could get the airport.

if whether.

The teacher wondered if we knew the task.


1 , . 1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 5. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, ho was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 7. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 8. We did not know where our friends had gone. 9. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 10. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 11. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage. 12. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage.


2 , . 1. said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 5 He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 8. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 9. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 10. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 11. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 13.1 want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 14. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.


3 , . 1. said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) the book. 3. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 4. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 5. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 6. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 7. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 8. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 9. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 10. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 11. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 12. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 13. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 14. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well.


4 , . 1. , . 2. , . 3. , , , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , , , . 11. , . 12. , .

 

5 1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , , 11. , ? 12. , . 13. , . 14. , .

 

6 , , . 1. Have you found the book? (She asked me...) 2. Are there any more books here? (The man asked...) 3. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know...) 4. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her.,.) 5. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted...) 6. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked...) 7. Have they sold the picture? (I did not know...) 8. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered..,) 9. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me...) 10. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure...)

Gerund

, ,

  Active Passive
Simple Reading is useful I like reading The computer needs reloading We insisted on being informed
Perfect I remember having done it   I remember having been shown the letter

/ .

a accuse of, approve of, suspect of, hear of, think of, be afraid of, be fond of, depend on, insist on, object to.

1 Tiger Hunting

A man who had traveled in Bengal was asked if he liked tiger hunting. Well! said the man, I certainly enjoyed hunting tigers, but I must confess I hated being hunted by a tiger.

2 Use the Active or the Passive Gerund

5) Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist? 6) He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7) She showed no sign of (to surprise). 8) He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people's business. 9) I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10) She was always ready for (to help) people. 11) He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 12) On (to allow) to leave the room the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13) In (to make) this experiment they came across some very interesting phenomena. 14) The results of the experiment must be checked and re-checked before to publish). 15) David was tired of (to scold) all he time. 16. The watch requires (to repair). 17) The problem is not worth (to discuss).

 

3 Translate using Gerund

1) ,

2) ,

3) , ?

4)

5) ,

6) ,

7) ,

8) ,

9) ,

10) , ?

 

4 1) They accuse him --- having robbed the house. 2) He never agreed --- their going on that dangerous voyage. 3) He did not approve --- her drinking so much coffee. 4) The teacher of mathematics did not approve --- his pupils dreaming. 5) All the happiness of my life depends --- your loving me. 6) I don't feel --- seeing him. 7) 1 insist --- being told the truth. 8) I object --- his borrowing money from you. 9) I stretched out my hand to prevent her --- falling. 10) My friend succeeded --- translating this difficult text. 11) She suspected him --- deceiving her. 12) The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily --- having helped him. 13) He gave up the idea of ever hearing --- her. 14) We are looking --- --- seeing you again. 15) She always complains --- feeling unwell. 16) He persisted --- trying to solve that difficult problem. 17) The cold weather prevented the girls --- going for long walks. 18) Jane thought --- leaving Lowood after Miss Temple's marriage.

 

5 Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 3. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 4. Do you mind his (to examine) by a heart specialist? 5. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 6. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 7. He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people's business. 8. I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment. 9. The results of the experiment must be checked and re-checked before (to publish). 10. David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 11. The watch requires (to repair). 12. The film isnt worth (to see).

 

III Conversation

Character

How would you describe a person who

1- likes to talk with other people?

2- looks on the bright sight of things?

3- gives his or her property free to other people?

4- looks on the black sight of things?

5 - avoids communicating?

6 - never lends money?

7 - has a high opinion of himself and low of others?

8 - easily flies into a rage?

9 - tells the truth to others

10 - is practical in approach to life?

11 - never praises himself?

12 - is dreamy in approach to life?

 

What would you think of the person who says

1 - Ladies first!

2 I cant control myself when I should keep quiet

3 Im not easily put off if I have made up my mind

4 Darling! I am never crossed with you, be it clothes, money, a car

5 I always feel sorry with people who are in trouble

6 I just love cucumbers with milk, Picassos paintings and faces with freckles

7 I have got used to twelve hours work every day

8 Whatever you may ask me to do for you, I will do it

 

Guess the animal bee, cat, cricket (), dog, dog, donkey, fox, owl ()

As cunning as a ___, as busy as a ___, as obstinate as a ____, as wise as an ____, lazy _____, jolly____, as merry as a______, as melancholy as a____

 

Describe with three traits your ideal friend, chief, neighbor, wife, husband, tell which trait you cant put up with

 

This person should be ___, ____, ____ This person shouldnt be ___, ____, ____

 

heerful, merry - bore - calm - composed hot/quick/short-tempered (dis)obidient () asy-going touchy arrogant boastful modest self-assured proud quick-minded, bright smart witty wise deep gifted ordinary awkward , timid bstinaate stubborn persistent amiable faithful - frank honest sincere sympathetic (un)reliable () sociable cunning gentle , rude kind wicked generous e, greedy Industrious lazy Idle Worldly

 



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