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II. re .

 

Start restart * , make remake* -, place replace * , generate regenerate * , circulate recirculate * , constract reconstract * , move remove * (/ ), form reform * - , expand reexpand * , assemble reassemble *

 

- 11

 

III. .

 

Four hundred and sixty degrees Centigrate, seven inches, three and a half inches, seventy eight degrees C, ten inches, eight hundred and fifty degrees Foringate.

 

IV. C 5 .

 

1.Reheater superheaters are used when it is desired to reheat or resuperheat steam after it has been used. 2. A convection superheater is placed in the gas passage of the boiler and consists of two headers. 3. Safety valve discharges steam when its pressure gets above the safe maximum. 4.Employment of superheated steam has the following advantage: it can be transmitted over great distances with very little heat loss. 5. Tensile strengh is one of the main physical properties of metals.

 

V. .

 

1.The radiant superheater is placed in the furnace. 2. The heat is transmitted by convection. 3. The seamless tubes are rolled into the headers. 4. Access to the tubes is had by caps. 5. Superheating surface is exposed to steam and hot gases. 6. Superheated steam is transmitted over great distances with very little heat loss. 7. This steam is heated above the temperature of saturation corresponding to the pressure. 8. Superheated steam results in decreased steam rates. 9. In some installations reheat is used.

 

VI. .

 

1. Superheated steam is transmitted over great distances with very little heat loss.

2. It has reduced turbine blade erosion to a minimum.

3. Steam heated above the temperature of saturation corresponding to the pressure is said to be superheated.

4. Superheated surface is all surface exposed to steam on one side and hot gases on the other.

5. Reheater superheaters are employed when it is desired to reheat or superheat steam after it has been used.

6. Reheat superheaters can operate both separately and in the boiler.

7. Saturated steam is required for the auxiliaries.

8. Yes, it is usually placed in the steam drum.

9. The desuperheater maintains uniform steam flow through the superheater.

10. It provides saturated steam.

11. There are two general types of superheaters: radiant and convection.

12. Radiant type superheaters are placed in the furnace.

13. Convection type superheaters are placed in gas passages.they are often used on ships.

14. The convection type superheater consists of two headers.

15. Seamless steel tubes are used for the convection type superheater..

16. The tubes are connected to the steam inlet header and to the superheater outlet header.

17. The diameter of tubes ranges from 1 inch to 2 inches; the temperature rarely exceeds 550 degrees.

 

 

- 12

 

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A great heat transfer- a greater heat transfer- the greatest heat transfer * . Effective more effective the most effective * . A large surface a larger surface the largest surface * . A simple construction simplier construction the simpliest construction * .

 

II. .

 

1. Feed water is heated.

2. Feed water is heated in the economizer.

3. Feed water is heated in the economizer by flue gases.

4. Feed water is heated in the economizer by flue gases leaving the boiler.

 

III. .

 

Feed water heater , flue gases , heating medium , heat absorbed by water , , to reduce the losses , series of tubes , present practice , all-steel unit , return bend , flange joint , economizer heating surface , opposite direction , great heat transfer ,

- 13

 

the gases discharge , gas side , single pass construction , row of tubes , various factors , in some cases - , boiler heating surface , straight run of tubing , gases leaving the boiler , ..

 

IV. .

 

1.An economizer is a feed water heater. 2. Flue gases are used as a heating medium. 3. It is interposed between the boiler and the stack. 4. Yes, the economizer increases boiler efficiency. 5.

The economizer consists of a series of tubes. 6. The tubes are surrounded by hot gases on the outside. 7. The diameter of steel tubes ranges from one to two inches. 8. According to their gas and water flow economizers are classified to parallel and counterflow. 9. In parallel economizers gases and water flow in the same direction; in counterflow economizers they flow in opposite directions. 10. The counterflow in the economizer results in a greater heat transfer.

 

 

- 14

 

9.

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KVG-34-K , , . 618 2. 34 , 45 . 44 /2, 470 . , . ( ) . ( ) 245 . , 43 .

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19 000 110 . 113 20,900 . 0.78 ().

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750 , 400 . . , 270 . 100 .

 

.

 

1. :

Geared turbine set , turbo alternator - , cargo pump , evaporating section heating area , nominal steam rate , nominal load , automatic combustion , mechanical atomization burners , fuel consumption , control panel , engine room , measuring instruments , hydraulic system , working fluid , remote indicators , nominal rating , working steam pressure ,

- 15 -

 

superheated steam temperature , maximum continuous rating , turbine efficiency , electrical power plant - , alternating current , diesel generator , emergency set

 

2. .

 

1.What is evaporating section of the boiler? 2. What is the maximum steam rate? 3. What is the maximum working steam pressure in the steam drum? 4. What is the superheated steam pressure? 5. What is evaporator output? 6. What is the maximum continuous rating? 7. What is the turbine nominal efficiency?

 

3. .

 

1.How many evaporators are provided in the ship? 2. How many cargo pumps are supplied with steam from the boilers? 3. How many mechanical atomization burners are fitted on the boiler front? 4. How many turbo alternators are fitted on the tanker?

 

4. .

 

Deadweight seven thousand tons; eighty degrees Centigtate; thirty two thousand shaft horse power; one hundred rotations per minute; three hundred and fifty degrees Centigrate; twenty seven kilogramms per cantimeter square; five hundred and thirty eight square cantimeters; forty six kilogramms per cantimeter square; five hundred degrees Centigrate; one hundred and fifteen rotations per minute; two hundred and fifty kilowatt; two hundred and thirty grammes per horse power per hour; sixteen thousand shaft horse power; ten tonnes per hour.

 

5. .

 

1.Yes, they are. 2. Yes, they are. 3. Yes, they are..

 

6. .

 

1. The main boilers provide steam for the cargo pumps. 2. The boilers have automatic combustion and water feed. 3. Remote indicators checks the level in the water tanks. 4. Hydraulic systems use turbine oil as its working fluid.

 

7. . .

 

.

 

I. .

II. , . .

77 The nominal rating of the main geared turbine set 78 its working fluid The electric power plant emergency set. .

III. .

 

- 16

 

1. Two boilers type KVG 34 K supply steam for the main geared turbine set and other consumers.

2. The mechanical atomization burners are fitted on the boiler front. 3. The power plant control is effected from a special central control position. 4. Control and measuring instruments for the engine boiler installation are located there. 5. Main geared turbine control is effected by a hydraulic system. 6. Remote indicators make a continuous check over the levels in tanks.

 

IV. .

 

1.There are two steam boilers type KVG- 34 K fitted port and starboard.2. The boilers have automatic combustion, water feed, steam temperature control. 3. The mechanical atomization burners are fitted on the boiler front. 4. The specific fuel consumption for the entire power installation (without ships heating) is 245 g/h.p./hr. 5. Steam is provided by a dirty condensate evaporator for general ships services. 6. The power plant control is effected from a specific central control position.

 

V. .

 

1. These tankers are fitted with boilers type KVG-34-K. 2. Yes, the boiler evaporating section heating area is large. 3. The minimum steam rate is 34 tons per hour. The maximum is 45 tons per hour. 4. Yes, the working steam pressure in the steam drum on nominal load is 44 kg/cm2. 5. The combustion process and water feed are automatically controlled. 6. The mechanical atomization burners are fitted. 7. The burners are fitted in the front of the boiler. 8. The specific fuel consumption for the entire power installation is 245 g/h.p./hr. 9. The output of an evaporator is 43 tons per day. 10. A 15 t/hr dirty condensate evaporator is used to provide steam for general ships services. 11. The remote indicators show the levels of in the fuel, oil and water tanks. 12. The electric power plant consists of two 750-kW turbo alternators. 13. Turbo alternators generate three- phase 400-V alternating current. 14. One of the alternators acts as a stand by. The other is in operation. 15. The power is supplied by 270-kW Diesel generator harbour set when the boilers are not working..

 

VI. .

1.

 

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34 ?

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-17

 

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- 18

 

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I. .

 

1.A thorough inspection of the boiler should be made before raising steam. 2. Internal surfaces Surfaces should be clear: inside area of tubes, combustion chamber, gas passages, expansion allowance. 3. The boiler valves, cocks and safety valves should prove workable. 4. I will shut them. 5. Combustion chamber, expansion allowances and gas passages should be clean, refractory brickwork should be in good repair. 6. 84 open.7. 84 shut. 8. Filling the boiler should cease with the water level just appearing in the water gauge glasses.

II. .

 

1. An engineer must know maintenance instructions of machinery. 2. Before raising steam a thorough inspection of the boiler should be made. 3. Inner surfaces of the boiler must be clean. 4. Safety valves must be shut. 5. A boiler is filled with distillated deaerated water via economizer.

 

- 19

 

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II. .

 

1. The term pure feed water means that such water is chemically pure, oxygen free and contains no oil or grease. 2. Scale formation takes place when if feed water contains grease, oil or metallic salts. 3. Corrosion directly depends on the amount of oxygen contained in the boiler water. 4. It is very bad when air enters the boiler feed system because air contains much oxygen. 5. Feed water should be deaerated and heated before being supplied to the boiler. 6. .

 

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- 20 -

 

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I. . .

II. .

 

1. Shutting of the plant occurs in case of a sheduled shut down for maintenance and due to failure of equipment. 2. The boiler is to be taken off the line at once in case of water loss, tube overheating and rupture, soot burning in flues, fire in boiler room, brickwork collapse, failure of all feeding systems. 3. Any leaks should be immediately eliminated according to maintenance instructions. 4. If water gets into the steam piping the boiler must be immediately taken off the steam line. 5. Yes, I will operate soot blowers if practicable. 6. Air registers should be fully closed to prevent quick cooling and spalling refractory. 7. I will stop draft air fans. 8. I will raise the water level to three quarters of a glass. 9. The superheater circulating valve should be openedis stop valves are shut too early.

 

88 89 () .

 

1.

 

, Babcock Wilcock, , 615 865 . , , , , , . . . 98.000 pph (). . 600 , , 12 32 , 585 282 2.15 . 100 464 1.55 . 11/2 ¼ .., . . 350 , , . , ( ) , .

 

Boiler head

Air motor

WG (water gauge)

Rotary air preheater

Forced draft

By pass ( )

 

- 22 -

 

89 90 () .

 

II.

 

D , Kockum built Foster Wheeler, . 95,000 (43 ) . . , . 600 / (42 /2) .





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