1 :
1. ( 1) ( 2, . 1)
2. ( ) ( 1) ( 3)
3. ( 1) ( 4)
1:40; 1:50 1:100 . , , , .
, (, , , , .), ( , ). .
. .
- . . .
1
2
2.1 .
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
3
4 ,
5
6
1
2
3
1
1.1 (. 1 )
1.1.
1.1 -
|
|
- | - - | - | , | ||
-32054 | |||||
-320302-08 | |||||
-4234 | |||||
l cc=220 |
1.2
-1,
, (1.1)
- -1, ( 8) =3500;
- , ( 3) . 1 2, 3 ;
- , ( 5) =0,9.
-2,
(1.2)
- -2, ( 8).
,
, (1.3)
- , ( 10);
- , ( 4).
-1 ,
, (1.4)
b1- , ;
- , .
; (1.5)
-2 ,
, (1.6)
- -1,
; (1.7)
,
, (1.8)
- -2, L/KP
; (1.9)
1.2
1.2
- - | , | - , | lcc, | - , | ||||||||||||||
LH1 | LH2 | LHKP | 1 | 2 | 3 | L/1 | L/2 | L/ | ||||||||||
L1 | L2 | LKP | ||||||||||||||||
1 | ||||||||||||||||||
2 |
1.3
, (1.10)
-2 (. 9),
1000 ;
/4
(. 6);
(. 9), .
, /4 , :
, (1.11)
Lc. . - ,
-1, , .
|
|
1.4
1.4.1
, (1.12)
( )
, (. 11);
(366 365).
1.4.2 ,
(1.13)
1.3
1.3 ,
- | ||||||||||
α | α | L , | L, | /4 | , | , | lcc, | L, | D | |
1 | ||||||||||
2 |
1.5
(1.14)
-2
(1.15)
-1
(1.16)
(1.17)
NCO=2Au (1.18)
1.6
, (1.19)
. , (. 12);
(. 12).
N . ≥ 50
-1
(1.20)
.1 - -1, (. 12);
1 - -1(. 12).
-1 N1 > 12 15, .
-2
, (1.21)
.2 - -2, (. 12);
2 - -2 (. 12).
-2 N2 > 5 6, .
1.4
1.4
- | ||||||||
N | N2 | N1 | N | N | N2 | N1 | N. | |
1 | ||||||||
2 |
1.7
, -
, (1.22)
- , - (. 10);
2 , (. 4);
5 - ,
(. 7).
-1, -
, (1.23)
- -1, - (. 10).
-2, -
, (1.24)
- -2, -. (. 10).
, -
, (1.25)
t , -. (. 10);
1 , (. 3);
3 , - (. 5);
4 , (. 6).
1.5
1.5
|
|
- | 1000 , - | ||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | t | t | |||||||
1 | |||||||||||||
2 |
, :
t. .= t. + t , (1.26)
t. , - (. 10);
t. - , - (.
10)
1.8
, -
; (1.27)
-1, -
; (1.28)
-2, -
; (1.29)
, -
(1.30)
1.6
1.6
- | , - | , - | |||||||||
-1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | ||||||
1 | |||||||||||
2 | |||||||||||
, -
= + 1 + 2 + (1.31)
, -
= , (1.32)
= 0,20,3 , , ( 100 200 , 200 300 , 300 ).
, -
(1.33)
, -
(1.34)
1.9
= [ - ( + )] t 1, (1.35)
, ;
, ( = 12 );
, ;
t , (7 8
;
, ;
1 .
()
= - ( + ..) t, (1.36)
;
. .
, (1.37)
(1.38)
1.7
\
1.7
- | i, - | , | , | ||||||
- | |||||||||
- -1 | 1 | ||||||||
- -2 | 2 | ||||||||
- | |||||||||
- | |||||||||
- | |||||||||
- |
|
|
, .
:
= γ ∑, (1.39)
γ , , (. 1.7 );
∑ - , .
1.8
1.8
--- | ||
--- | ||
--- | ||
--- | ||
--- | ||
0,15 | ||
0,06 | ||
- | 0,03 | |
--- | ||
--- |
1.10
, (1.40)
- ;
- (. 13);
- ;
- ( 14);
- ( 15).
-1
(1.41)
-2
(1.42)
(1.43)
1.11
. , -1, -2 1.9.
1.9 , -1, -2
, | - | - | , | -, | -, | |
1.12
1.12.1 -1
(1.44)
- , ;
- ( ), ;
- , ;
- , .
1.12.2 -2
(1.45)
- , ;
1.12.3
(1.46)
- , ;
.
1.12.4
(1.47)
1.10
, (1.48)
- , i- , 2 ;
-
, , , :
: 6000, 9000, 12000, 18000, 24000 3000.
: 6000, 9000, 12000, 18000, 24000.
.
1.11
, , :
P0=pF (1.49)
- 1 2 , /2; = 20 /2;
F - , 2.
, -, :
, (1.50)
- , =0,8;
- , ; =6 ;
- , ;
- , = 0,95-0,97;
, - (1.51)
|
|
- , ;
- , ;
- , =0,6-0,7;
- , =0,8-0,9;
- , =0,85-0,9;
, ,
, (1.52)
365- ;
104- ;
12- ;
5- ;
tcm- , tcm= 8 ;
tcm- , tcm= 7 ;
- , , 0,94-0,96;
y -
:
, - (1.53)
1.12
:
, (1.54)
V- , 3;
q0 - 3 10, q0= 2,1 /;
q- 3 10, q =2,1 /;
t- , 0;
t - , t =-6,60;
24- ;
270- ;
0,23*10-6- ;
: 3,3;4.8;5.4, 6.0;7.2 , ( ), 6.
2
: .
:
- ;
- , , , , , , ;
- ;
- :
;
;
( , , , , ..);
.
2.1 .
- . , .
2.2
2.1- .
/ 30 , 4 , , .
. .
, .
10 /2. .
550 1400 , . .
( ) 24 .
:
___________________________________________________________-30
, _______________________________________30
, ________________________________7,5
(max), ___________________________1730
, ___________________________________________8,8
_______________________________________________________4
_______________________________________4
, __________________________________________380
, _________________________________________24
(, , ), __________________1070, 1230, 2630
, _______________________________________________3100
, ___________________________________1300
,__________________500.
2.2- .
/ 5 ., 2 , . -. - . , , , , .
:
_______________________________________________________468
, ___________________________________________________5
, ___________________________________________2,8
_______________________________________________________2
, __________________________________________380
, _____________________________________________________________ 1,8
2.3 .
, , , , . , - , . . -, , .
2.4 .
:
2.3 .
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 .
1 2 3, 5. 7 4. , , 6 . 8. .
3
3.1
:
- ( , , );
- ( , -).
, :
-, , ;
( )
.
:
-, , ;
- ;
.
n (/), , .
3.1.1
Fa, ;
, (3.1)
D , ;
d - ( ), ;
i ( . .3.1), ;
l , ;
, ( 7,5, 4,3).
3.1 -
, | ||||||||||||
js6 | k6 | m6 | n6 | p6 | r6 | s6 | js7 | k7 | m7 | n7 | s7 | |
.18 30 | +6,5 -6,5 | +15 +2 | +21 +8 | +28 +15 | +35 +22 | +41 +28 | +48 +35 | +10 -10 | +23 +2 | +29 +8 | +36 +15 | +56 +35 |
.30 50 | +8 -8 | +18 +2 | +25 +9 | +33 +17 | +42 +26 | +50 +34 | +59 +43 | +12 -12 | +27 +2 | +34 +9 | +42 +17 | +68 +43 |
.50 65 | +9,5 -9,5 | +21 +2 | +30 +11 | +39 +20 | +51 +32 | +60 +41 | +72 +53 | +15 -15 | +32 +2 | +41 +11 | +50 +20 | +83 +53 |
.65 80 | +62 +43 | +78 +59 | +89 +59 | |||||||||
.80 100 | +11 -11 | +25 +3 | +35 +13 | +45 +23 | +59 +37 | +73 +51 | +93 +71 | +17 -17 | +38 +3 | +48 +13 | +58 +23 | +106 +71 |
.100 120 | +76 +54 | +101 +79 | +114 +79 |
3.1.2
Fa, ;
, (3.2)
- i ( , . .1), ;
f , f =0.1.0.15;
f =0.15.0.25;
, =2*105 ;
, ;
N , .
(3.3)
(3.4)
D , ;
d , .
3.1.3
:
306
D , ; D =72;
d , ; d = 30;
, ; =19;
k6.
Fa, ;
, (3.5)
- i , ;
k; 6; i = 0,015;
f , f =0.15.0.25, f =0.2;
=2*105 ;
, =19 ;
N , .
(3.6)
(3.7)
3.1.4 .
.
3.1 - .
1- ; 2- ; 3- .
, .
, * ;
(3.8)
, *;
G , ;
, .
3.1.5
, * ;
, (3.9)
, *;
, *;
f , *;
, (3.10)
Fa ( ), ;
, (3.11)
d2 , [3];
n - , [3]
, n = 0,541, n =0,5;
yd , [3], yd =1,22,5;
[ ] - , [3].
y -
, (3.12)
- n ;
, .
r1
, (3.13)
f [3];
a - , a =600, a -300
, (3.14)
R , ;
, (3.15)
d , .
1,52 , , , ( - () ).
3.2
, ( , ). , - .
(, , , - ).
.
( ), ( ), .
, -1;
, (3.16)
- ( )
, ;
(3.17)
, *.
(3.18)
- h ;
h1 ;
h2 ;
h3 ( ).
3.2 -
0,95¸0,96 | |
0,97¸0,98 | |
0,95¸0,96 | |
0,96¸0,97 | |
0,8 | |
0,90¸0,95 | |
0,95¸0,97 | |
0,95¸0,97 | |
0,956¸0,98 | |
0,99 |
1
(3.19)
.
, .
3.2 - 4
i
(3.20)
- n1 , /;
n , /.
(3.21)
i1, i2, i3 ( :
2,0; 2,5; 3,15; 4,0; 5,0; 6,3; 8; 10; 12.( )
1; 1,25; 1,6; 2,0; 2,5; 3,15; 4,0; 5,0; 6,3.( )
8; 10; 12,5; 16; 20; 25; 31,5; 40; 50; 63; 80. ( )).
, n /;
(3.22)
, -1;
(3.23)
, ;
(3.24)
, *;
(3.25)
, , .
3.3
.
:
; (3.26)
;
t ;
;
.
:
; (3.27)
/