2
1,34 0,234 2.
1.34+0.234=1.574 1.6
2. 2.17. 0,582 .- , 0,728 . - .
. .
Cu → Cu (NO 3)2 → CuO
(2.36) | ||||||||||
m (Cu) | = | m (Cu (NO 3)2) | = | m (CuO) | ||||||
. | ||||||||||
M z | Cu | M z | Cu (NO 3)2 | M z | CuO | |||||
(2.32) zCuO =1× | - 2 | = 2 M | CuO | = | 64,0 +16,0 | = | |||||||||||||||
m (Cu) × M | CuO | ||||||||||||||||||||
0,582 × 40,0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
= 40,0 /. | = | = | = | ||||||||||||||||||
M | Cu | ||||||||||||||||||||
m (CuO) | 0,728 | ||||||||||||||||||||
z 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
= 32,0 / | zCu | = | 64,0 | = 2. | |||||||||||||||||
32,0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
: M | Cu | = 32,0 /. | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
, 274 . Al.
- , :
m=MPV/RT=2*755*274/62360*(273+19)
62360,, ...
m=2*755*274/62360*292=413740/18209120=0,0227
1 /, , , , , :
0,2046 0,0227
1
=0,2046*1/0,0227=9,01322=9
0,2 3,173 . .
%
0.2/16 = 0.0125
(i) 2 .
. 0,025
= 3,17/0,025 = 126,8 ( - )
( , /,
)
5. 2 1,5 ZnHCl.
:
m(Zn)=1,5 =1500
M(Zn)=65 /
M(H₂)=2 /
=17+273=290
R=8,31 /(*)
P=102,4 =102400
: V(₂)
1) , :
Zn+HCl = ZnCl₂+H₂
1500 --------------------
65 / ---------------2 /
=1500*2/65=46,1 .
2) - V(H₂):
V(H₂)=mRT/(M*P)=46.1*8.31*290/(2*102400)=0,54 .
: V(H₂)=0,54 .
6. 0,850 209 2,. .
, ( ) ? 7/8 = 0,875 87,5% , 1/8 = 0,125 12, 5% . , .. 18- , , , , . , : 0,875/0,125 = 7. : 7/.
?
, ! .
7. n(O2) = V/Vm = 1,4/22.4 = 0,0625
n(Me) = m/M
, , , :
1:
4Me + O2 = 2Me2O
n(Me) = n(O2)/4 = 0.015625
M(Me) = m/n = 2.25/0.015625 = 144 /
- Nd.
|
|
2:
2Me + O2 = 2MeO
n(Me) = n(O2)/2 = 0.03125
M(Me) = m/n = 2.25/0.03125 = 72 /
- Ge. . .
3:
4Me + 3O2 = 2Me2O3
n(Me) = n(O2)*3/4 = 0,046875
M(Me) = m/n = 2.25/0.046875 = 48 /
- Ti. .
4:
Me + O2 = MeO2
n(Me) = n(O2) = 0,0625
M(Me) = m/n = 2.25/0.0625 = 36 /
- Cl. .
, . Ge
8. m(Cu) / m(Cl) = E(Cu)/E(Cl). E(Cu) = M/2 = 64/2 = 32 -/ m(Cl2) = M*n = 71* 0.291/22.4 = 0.922 E(Cl) = 32*0,922/0,824 = 35,5 -/
9.
| 1 2 22,4 ; 22,4/2=11,2 /. : 28 11,2 m 0,7 . m = 0,7 * 28 / 11,2 = 1,75 . : m = 1,75 . |
10. m(Cd) = 1,4
m(CdO) = 1,6
M(1/z Cd) = x /
M(1/z ) = ()/z(O) = 16/2 = 8 /
z(O) = 2
M(1/z CdO) = M(1/z Cd) + M(1/z ) = ( + 8) /
m(Cd)/m(CdO) = M(1/z Cd)/M(1/z CdO)
1,4/1,6 = /( + 8)
1,4*( + 8) = 1,6
M(1/z Cd) = = 56 /
, .
, .
, H(+) (-) - .
, , f.
z(Cd) = A(Cd)/M(1/z Cd) = 112/56 = 2
f(Cd) = 1/z(Cd) = 1/2
( ) , Cd 1/2 Cd.
2 :
1. 1s22s22p63s1 .
Na | 1s 22s 22p 63s 1 |
2. .
N | 1s 22s 22p 3 | ||
O | 1s 22s 22p 4 |
3. Cr,Cu
Cr | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d54s 1 | ||||
Cu | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 1 | ||||
4. Li,C,F.
Li | 1s 22s 1 | ||
C | 1s 22s 22p 2 | ||
F | 1s 22s 22p 5 |
5. S 3 .
S | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p4 | ||
P | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p3 |
6. K;Mn;Zn.
K | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p64s 1 | ||
Mn | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p64s 23d5 | ||
Zn | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p64s 23d10 |
7. 37, 43, 54.
Rb | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p65s1 | ||
Tc | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p64d55s2 | ||
Xe | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p64d105s25p6 |
8. Fe;Ba;Cl.
Fe | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d64s 2 | ||
Ba | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p64d105s25p66s2 | ||
Cl | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p5 |
|
|
9. S;As;Kr.
S | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p4 | ||
As | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p3 | ||
Kr | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d104s 24p6 |
10. Ca;Sc;Ti.
Ca | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p64s 2 | ||
Sc | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d14s 2 | ||
Ti | 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p63d24s 2 |
3 :