34
-,pH , .
:
1
)-CH3COOH,CH3COONA
)-NAH2PO4,NA2HPO4
)-H2CO3,NAHCO3
)-PtCOOH,PtCOONA
)- HHb,KHb
)- HHbO2,KHbO2
2
)-NH4OH,NH4Cl
:
1. -HA/A CH3COOH/CH3COO, A-
2. -B/BH(NH4OH/NH4)
3. 2 H2PO4/HPO4
4. ( , )
:
1. , : CH3COONa+HCl=CH3COOH+NaCl
CH3COO+H=CH3COOH
pH ,
2. , , , 2. H3COO, H3COOH . : CH3COOH+NaOH=CH3COONa+H2O
CH3COOH+OH=CH3COO+H2O.
: , : CH3COOH=CH3COO+H,CH3COONa=CH3COO+Na
K(CH3COOH)=[CH3COO][H]/[CH3COOH] . CH3COO , CH3COOH . CH3COOH .
1 : H=/ =+lg /, 2 :=14--lg/ -
, V , .
: , . . , = . 0. = 1 .
, -. , 1 1 .
(/)
1.()=n(k)/(pH0-pH1)*v()
n(k)=C(k)*V(K)
B()=n()/(pH1-pH0)*V()
:
1.
2. : /, .
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- , - .
: -. CO2,H2O
CO2+H2O=H2CO3. H2CO3 , HCO3.
pH=pK+lgNaHCO3/H2CO3
=7.36. HCO3/H2CO3=20:1
, CO2 . HCO3/H2CO3, . , HCO3 , 40/ 1-2/.
.