1. She was twenty-four. Her skin was pale with a touch of green. 2. She had dressed carefully the dress matching the tone of her skin seemed to emphasize green of her eyes. 3. Fanny Price coloured. The blood under her unhealthy skin seemed to be strange purple. 4. The sky was light, radiant blue, but, although it was only early afternoon, a mist was creeping on the brilliant grass. 5. His eyes were large and blue, but blue was pale, and they looked rather tired already. 6. I have nice hair. It is black - real black, not dark brown. 7. The sun in the west was a drop of burning gold that slid nearer and nearer the sill of the world. 8. I enjoyed the sensation of sitting quietly beside her and looking at pale gold of her hair and pale gold of her skin. 9. Ralph ignored Jacks question. He pointed to the touch of yellow above the sea. 10. There was a scent of honey from the lime trees in flower, and in the sky blue was beautiful, with a few white clouds which looked and perhaps tasted like lemon ice. 11. He himself had always liked French, feeling at home with their wit, their taste, their cooking. 12. Hes Swiss, I believe. 13. I thought he was Turkey as he spoke fluent Turkish. 14. You cant be a captain because you dont know Italian well enough. 15. I only write about what a beautiful place we live in and how brave Italians are. 16. Swiss are a very intelligent race and keenly alive to architectural beauty. 17. At dinner I ate very quickly and left for the villa where British had their hospital. 18. I was obviously German in Italian uniform. 19. You dont understand German, do you? She wasnt Swede, like her husband. 20. It would be better to be in the study hall than out in cold. 21. You are too brave. Nothing ever happens to brave. The coward dies a thousand deaths, brave but one. 22. It was always your ambition to be a nurse and help sick ever since you were a little child, wasnt it? 23. Philip learned how little there was in common between poor and classes above them. 24. Old Jolyon sighed; he had an insatiable appetite for young. 25. Well be getting to Twelve Oaks in a little bit, and every man there, old and young, wanting to know about the horses.
Exercise 3. Translate into English, using the adjective, underline it and comment on its use.
1. . 2. . 3. -. 4. . 5. . ? 6. , . 7. - , - , -. 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. - . 13. , , . 14. . 15. , . 16. , . 17. , , . 18. . 19. Ÿ . 20. , . , . 21. . . 22. , , . 23. - -. 24. , , , -. 25. , , . . , , - , - -.
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Unit 2
Verb and Verbals
Learning objectives:
Define verb, transitive/intransitive verb, auxiliary verb, verbals, Infinitive, Gerund, Participle
Explain how to parse verb, Infinitive, Participle, Gerund
Analyze grammatical categories of the verb, the categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood; the noun-infinitive/the qualifying infinitive
Key point:
Verb, its definition and parsing; Infinitive, its definition and parsing; Participle, its definition and parsing; Gerund, its definition and parsing
Grammatically the verb is the most complex part of speech. This is due to the central role performs in the expression of the predicative functions of the sentence, i.e. the functions establishing the connection between the situation (situational event) named in the utterance and reality. The general categorial meaning of the verb is process presented dynamically, i.e. developing in time.
The grammatical categories of the verb are: 1) the category of finitude dividing the verb into finite and non-finite forms (the corresponding contracted names are finites and verbids, this category has a lexico-grammatical force); 2) the categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
Verb: a word used for stating a fact or condition, giving an order or a request, or asking a question.
Transitive: denotes an action that is directed towards some person or thing; as he shot a crow.
Intransitive: denotes an action that stops with the doer, and concerns no person or thing except the doer; as he fell .
Auxiliary: assists a Principal verb (which may be either Transitive or Intransitive) that form some tense or tenses in the Indicative or Subjunctive mood and in the Active or Passive voice; as I have come.
Voice
Active: when the verb is in the Active voice, the person or thing denoted by the Subject is said to do something, as I love.
Passive: when the verb is in the Passive voice, the person or thing denoted by the Subject is said to suffer something, as I am loved .
Finite Moods
Mood: the form assumed by a verb to show the mode or manner in which the action denoted by the verb is represented.
Indicative: asserts something as a fact, or as a condition, as I come if he comes . Or it enquires about something, as Did he come?
Imperative: commands, or advises, or begs for something, as come.
Subjunctive: expresses a condition, a purpose, or a wish, - any kind of contingency except a fact, as if he come or should come (condition), that he may come (purpose), may he come! (wish).
