:
, ( ) .
.11.1.
.11.1
: ( ), F , ℓ - , 1 2 , , R , U, . F , , .
. 1. I, , I, (2) I I. I I I = I I. I U = const . , .. I U = const.
ω:
, (11.1)
(11.2)
(9.2). I0 ( ) S ( ) .
1. ( 1) ( 2).
2. . . 2 ( 1). R U, I.
3. I U. 2 . ℓ, . 11.1
11.1
U, | I, | I, | I = I I, | ω |
4. . 1 2 (. .2) U , ℓ, I. 11.2. I U 11.1.
|
|
11.2
ℓ, | , | I, | I, | I, | , |
5. ω (11.2) (11.1).
6. I(U), 11.1 I (), 11.2.
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ? ?
1. .. . . . . .: 2003.