- , , , .
( V-III . ..). , , . . ( . ikonomia ), .
, ( ) 17-18 ., .
( . mercante - ). , , . , . , , . , . , , . : ( , ). . " " ( ).
. , . ( ). , , : , , ( ).
. , , , . , ( , ) ( ). . xapaep ocoeoc acceco oeco oo oo oec ceye:
acceca oeca oo ocoaa a ye o pyoo eop cooc; a p laisser faire (peocae ea co xoo), . e. ooe eeaeco ocyapca opoc oo. o cyae ea pya pa oece oaoe pacpeeee pecypco.
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peeo e ec ocoo cepa pooca;
, a eo pooco;
eoe paccapaec oo a ooec eoe, oop cpec coceo oe, yye coeo ooe, paceoc, yype eoc o ae e pac;
e pepaeco eeoc aaca ec oyee acya p;
a aopo yee oaca ec aoee aaa;
ooec poc ocaec ye pooeoo pya cepe aepaoo pooca;
e opye, oeaee poecc oea oapa.
, . . (1818-83), . . . , , . , , , . . . , , .
19 . . , . , , , .
. . 1990 . . , , , , (). apa ( p marginale ooe) apaee ooeco eop oa XIX ea. co ooe apaa ceye:
cooae peex e a cpyeo aaa ee ooecx e;
ocoo ye ec oeee oex p oe opeoc oyae;
cceoae paoaoo pacpeee pecypco axoee oaoo cooa x cpec;
peeo aaa c opoc ycooo coco oo e oo a apo-, o a poypoe;
pooe peee aeaecx eoo p oax pee cacecx aa;
eo, o ec pa cac.
. .. . , .., , , , , . , - . .
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(MU) è ç (C)
(D) è (P) ç (S)
, . . . : (2 4 ); (10 ); (55 ). , . 1933 . . . , .
. . , , . . , . , , - - . , .
50- 20 . ., . . , . . , . . , , , , , . . , . , . 60-70 . . . 70-80 . (, , .). oeap eop, ocoaa a opeee po eeo acc, axoec opae, a ae a ocyece o caa oo, ee yopoa pa. .. eop oeapa ocpoea a oeceo eop ee xapaepyec cey ooe:
a peyop oeceo eea cc;
oeco ee opae opeeec aooo;
copoc opae ee eco cpoaa;
cc ee caa;
eee oeca ee oaae oao e a e cex oapo;
caec oooc oec eeo cep a poecc ocpooca;
ocoy ee eeo acc caac a ooe c ooae o oe pec apye, o ceye oaac o paocpoo eeo o.
o a oeapa ooecy eop coco yoo cceoa exaa opaoo oec eeoo pa a oap p, eex cpyeo eeo o a pae oo. oeapcce oe cya ocoo eeo-peo o aece apae ocyapceoo peypoa.
, 50-60 . (. , . , . .). , , .
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, . 19 20-30 . . . , .., . , . , . , , , ., , , .. . , , , , , . , . , , , , . , , .
, , , .
. 1969 . . 3 .