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Automation of fish smoking process




Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University

Institute of power engineering and energy resources management

Chair Principles

of Electroengineering

 

Student work

AUTOMATION OF FISH SMOKING PROCESS

 

BILINGUAL TEACHING AID

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Krasnoyarsk 2009

 

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.., .., .. : .-. / ..; . ..-.- , 2009.- 24 .

 

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On the cover - Domestic smoker in hands of students

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Laboratory stand

 

The smoker has a cylinder steel case with bottom uplifted several centimeters over the table surface. This compartment is for heater. The upper side of the bottom keeps wooden pieces covered with the fat-collecting plate. The product to be smoked is hanged by hooks at upper part of the smoking chamber. There is a cover with water lock to prevent smoke entering room. Gas exhaust is performed through special pipe.

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Figure 1 Scheme of laboratory stand

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This installation was not equipped with any automation. We got a thermo-regulator with temperature sensor to switch on the heater at low product temperature. The sensor was placed into product. The heater plug we switched to regulator socket. The regulator plug we inserted into wall socket. This equipment became our teaching laboratory stand.

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Everything was prepared and we started our lab work. Unfortunately we couldn't run process long enough because of smoke in our classroom. We stopped the process. Chickens were passed into the high frequency oven to make them ready. We began dismounting our stand and suddenly noticed that our heater was red hot! Chickens were poor heated, but heater - over heated. There was a great risk of heater breakdown during the process. It appeared our smoker wasn't organized properly. It contained fast changing element (heater) and slow changing element (chickens). Their work wasn't coordinated. There was a reason to investigate the dynamic of the process.

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The block diagram of energy flows is shown on figure 4: electric energy is come to the heater, the heater warms up air, and air warms up the product.

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Figure 2 - The block diagram of energy flows

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Energy flows in the smoker are not of constant value. They are automatically varied with product temperature variations. In case temperature is low, less then 800, comparison element produces an error signal, which switches on the heater and so on. This regime is kept unless temperature of the product reaches 800. At this moment power supply to the heater is shut off.

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Figure 3 Negative feedback control system

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In order to analyze and design control systems, we use quantitative mathematical characteristics of our links. The scheme with quantitative characteristics is shown on figure 4.

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Figure 4 - MATLAB model of the of smoker automation system under product temperature control

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Figure 5 Temperature transients under product temperature control.

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Temperature transients in links of the model are displayed on figure 5. We can see wide fluctuation in heater temperature which takes place till the moment of switching it off as a result of worming up the temperature sensor in the product. Overshooting runs as much as 5400. After temperature extreme up there is extreme down. Transient is damping and lasts for 50 model seconds (100 minutes of real time). The heater temperature reached 6300 that was though acceptable, but undesirable.

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Temperature transients of air, walls and product have substantial oscillations as well. Their nature is in delay of slowly reacting product, where temperature sensor is placed. While product and sensor are slowly warming up, heater quickly raise their temperatures up to very high values. Then at last product and sensor temperatures reach set value and the heater is switched of. But residual heat energy from overheated air and heater proceeds rising product temperature. It comes to oscillations. Is it possible to damp them?

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Conclusion

Given example with the domestic appliance smoker shows, that it is not right way for automatization - simple switching a regulator to an object. It needs to analyze dynamics of the whole system. As a result system may be complicated. Also a method of dynamic systems modeling is presented. The next part will explain mathematical formulas, used in models. They are TRANSFER FUNCTIONS.

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