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. , (Oldham, 1981; O'Connor et al., 1993). () , . ,


, : 1) , , , 2) 3) . (O'Connor et al., 1993) , . , , , , AM . , (Campbell et a 1., 1997; Fenderson and Bergen, 1975; Thgemeyer et al.,1988; Williams and Smith, 1974). , ' .

. . , . - . - , (Rulquin et al., 1990; Schwab et al.,1992b) (Pisulewski et al., 1996; Socha et al., 1994a, b. ), , . , , . , , , 7% 2.5% .

- . Rulquin et al.,(1993), 5 : 1) , () ,


82


. 5.


( - ), 2) , . , 3) , , , ,

4) ( ) 5) . , - .

, Rulquin et al.,(1993) () - , . , . , 6.5%. . , - , 6.5% . , , ( ), , , 16 (.. 0.5 , 3.2% ), . , 7.3 2.5 %, .

- , Rulquin etal.,(1993), . - , , . , (18 , 63 ) (27 87 )


-- . , , , . 3d (9 ). 24 18 . , - , , , 80% . - 80% - , . . 2 . 10 , 26 (2 ). , , , 31.5 ( 20.7 46.3 ) . 33.7 ( 20.9 43.1 ).

. , , . , , ( ) , , . , . : 1) , 100%, 2) - , (. ), , 90% 90% (Rogers et al.,1987; Schwab. 1995a), 81% (0.90*0.90) 3) 80% - - () 75% (Schwab, 1995: Yang et al., 1986), 60% .

4.33 9.83% 1.7 3.36%.


83



, (6.67 %) 16 18 . Polan et al. (1991) (6 4.32 5.87%) Rogers et al. (1987) (4 6.76 7.55%). (2.06%) , 27 . ( ) , . 53 87 .

Rulquin et al.,(1993), , . . , , . 4 - . : 1) ( GLM, SAS ( )), 2) , ( SAS, NLIN), 3) ( SAS, NLLN), 4)". ( , , ( SAS, NLIN). , , , 011 . , 1.95% ( = 41 53) , 6.5% ( = 48 87). , . , , . , () - , . , , , . -


(Baker, 1 986; Fuller and Garthwaite,1993; Owens and Pettigrew. 1989). . , , , 7.2 2.4, . 7.3 2.5%, Rulquin et a 1.,(1993). , , , , , . (7.3 2.4%) (7.1 - 8.2"/ 2.4 -2.7%, ) (Rulquin et al., 1 993; Wag horn and Baldwin, 1984). , . , . , , , . , . , () - . , - , , .

-

, . , , , , . - (Chalupa, 1976); Onodera,1993). , , , . - , .


84


. 5.


, Loerch and Oke,(1989; Schwab, (1995a). , : 1) , , , 2) , , 3) (-2--4--; ().

1 , , . , - (Mbanzamihigo et al. 997; Robert and Williams, 1997; Schwab, 1995a) (Robert and Williams, 1997). , , , (Blum et al., 1999; Robert et al.,1997).

2 (Loerch and Oke, 1989; Schwab. 1995a). - , . , , , , , . ( ) - () , 1 (Bach and Stern, 2000; Berthiaume et al.,2000; Blum et al., 1999; Mbanzamihigo et al.,1997; Overtoil et al.,1996).

3 (.. ) , . , , , (Loerch and Oke, 1989). , , . , , - L- (Baker, 1994). . Baker, (1994) ,


( ) , 70, 80 100%. . ( ) . , , , (Belasco, 1972. 1980; Patterson and Kung. 1988), (McCollum et al.,2000) , (Belasco, 1972, 1980; Papas et a!.. 1994). Koenig et a 1.,{1999) . . 90 , 30 / . , , 50% . , , , - (Johnson et al., 1999; Robert' et al.,1997) (Johnson et al.,1999; Rode et al., 1998).

REFERENCES 5

Abe, M., T. Iriki. M. Funaba, and S. Onda. 1998. Limiting ammo acids for a corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than three months of age. J. Anim. Sci. 76:628-636.

Abe, M., T. Iriki, and M. Funaba. 1997. Lysine deficiency in postweaned calves fed corn and corn gluten meal diets..1. Anim. Sci. 75:1974-1982.

Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC). 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Supplement No. 1. Common-wealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.

Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC). 1992. Nutritive require-ments of ruminant animals: Protein. Nutr. Abstr. Rev (Ser. B) 62:787-835.

Aharoni, Y.. A. Arieli, and H. Tagari. 1993. Lactational response of dairy cows to change of degradability of dietary protein and organic matter. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3514-3522.

Ahmed, B. M., and W. G. Bergen. 1983. Metionine-cyst(e)ine relationship in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 57(Suppl.l): 11 0. (Abstr.)

Ainslie, S. J., D. G. Fox, . Perry, D. J. Ketchen. and VI. C.


85


. 6.


. , , . , , Na, C1, , Mg S. . - , , . , , . , , J, Fe, Mn, Mb, Se, Zn F. , , , , , . . , - - , .

, , . , . , 4% . , (, , ) . , 190 . , , (). , , , . . . , ,


, . . , , . , . , , , , , . - (NRC, 1980) , . , , , . , , , (Adams, 1975; Coppok and Fettman. 1977: Kertz, 1998). (, 1 ) (Henry, 1995c). , , , (Butler and Jones, 1973). . - . () (Shenk and Weshehaus, 1994).

( ) 15-1 . , , 15-3.


() , , , . , , 1/ 10000 , .

98%) , . 2% . 2,0 - 2,5 (9-10 /, 4,4 - 5 mEq/) ( =-, = , mEq = , = ) . 40 45% , , , 5% , , . 40 50% ; 50%, 45%. 1 1,25 . . , , , , . D , , .

, , . . , , , . , ,

116


. , . . , . , 6 (, 1987). , (Goffand Horst, 1993). , 50%> (Nelans, 1988). , . , , . , 1,25- D, , D. 1,25- D (De L, 1979; , 1987; Wasserman, 1981). , . , . , . ( 9).





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