.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




,

 

 
 

, . , .

 

 

2>1>0, 3<0.

3, 1, 2, - Q, F, N, M . :

Q (3), F (x1), N(x2), M (x).

F N FN. , | FN | = 2- 1.

. - , - .

, .

x, (, ).

 

. , z. , , z. :

(, , z).

. .

.

, , ( ).

:

| | ,

| | .

( -), . , 0. : | | = 0.

, . , : || .

, , . : = .

, , .. .

, .

 
 

, .

 

, .

, , , , , .

, , : = = .

MNKZ , , , , , . , , = = .

, ABCD.

 

= , ¹ , ¹ , , , :

| | = | | = | | = | |.

.

+ , , . :

       
   
 

= + .

 

 

. 1. . 2.

 

" " (. 1). " " (. 2): , , , .

, " ": , , . . 3 + + + .


. 3

 

" ": , , , , , , , (. 4):

= + + .

 

 

. 4

× , , , | |×| |, >0 <0. :

 

= × .

 

=0, × -:

0 × = .

=1, 1× = .

= -1, (-1)× =- - , .

, , . , , = × , - , . , = × .

, : = , = .

, .

 

, 2:1, . =2/3× , D .

 

 


=1/2× =1/2× ; =-1/2× .

D = + = -1/2× + .

=-2/3(-1/2 + )= 1/3× -2/3× .

, =1/3× -2/3× . , , :

= +(1)× = +( ).

 

D = =1/2× .

1/| |, ( ), 0. ,

 

0=1/| = /| |; | 0|=1.

 

, , z , , .

, . :

1) + = + ;

2) +( + )=( + )+ ;

3) ×( × ) = ( × ;

4) ×( + )= × + × ;

5) ( + = × + × .

, , . .

.

 

 
 

. 5

 
 

. 6

, .

: =(, ) (. 5).

, z.

: =(, , z) (. 6).

, , .

=(1, 1, z1), =(2, 2, z2)

= + ; = - ; = × ,

, , :

=(1+2; 1+2; z1+z2),

=(x1-x2; y1y2; z1z2),

=( ×1; ×1; ×z1).

. 5 . 6 , :

 

| |=| |= .

 

z .

 
 

, : . (1, 1, z1), . (2, 2, z2), .

 

. 7

 

. 7 , , . :

 

= ,

=(1, 1, z1), =(2, 2, z2).

 

:

 

=(21; 21; z2z1).

 

:

 

| |=| |= .

 

, .

 


()= .

, . . = .

 
 

 

, cos = = .

, , , , z .

 

cos = , cos = , cos = .

 

. :

 

cos2 +cos2 +cos2 =1.

 

, ,

 

= .

 

.

, .

 

× (, ).

 

,

 

× = × ×cos ,

 

.

:

1. × = ×

2.

3. ( + = × + ×

4. , ( ), . . ^ × =0.

× =0 .

5. × = . :

=

, , , . . =(1, 1, z1) =(2, 2, z2),

 

× =1×2+1×2+z1×z2

 

:

 

^ x1×x2+y1×y2+z1×z2=0

 

, , = (2, 1, 2), = (1, 0, 4), = (3, 4, 1).

 

× = 2 × 1 + (1) × 0 + 2 × 4 = 10,

× =2 × 3 + (1) × 4 + 2 × (1) = 0,

× = 1 × 3 + 0 × 4 + 4 × (1) = 1.

 

, .

,

 

.





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: 2016-12-06; !; : 539 |


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