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The impact of the internal combustion engines on the environment




 


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Production activity of rail transport has an impact on the environment of all the climatic zones of the country. On the railway using diesel traction necessary energy is produced by burning diesel fuel. During the combustion of fuel allocated combustion products containing a substantial amount of harmful substances.

Changing the angle of fuel injection timing; reduction angle 45 from the regular reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxide in an average of 3337% and increase - to increase the concentration of 1517%. Application of this method requires the development and installation of a diesel engine on a special clutch that automatically change the angle of fuel injection timing depending on load.

Another way to reduce the release of nitrogen oxide in diesel engines - recirculation of the exhaust gas in the suction line. In this case the fresh cylinder charge in decreasing proportion of free oxygen, which in turn leads to a decrease in speed and combustion temperature and, hence, to a deterioration of the conditions of formation of nitrogen oxide. Applying this method, we can significantly reduce the toxicity of diesel - mainly due to the reduction of nitrogen oxides. However, unfortunately, increased emissions of carbon monoxide, aldehydes, carbon black which neutralization presents certain difficulties.

When designing complex antitoxic device for vehicles with a diesel drive is necessary to consider the type of diesel engine, the ego mode of operation, type of fuel, and the composition of its impurities, the appointment of the traction unit. Each of the used elements of such a combined system is expected to contribute to the improvement of ecological purity, without significant damage to the economy of the internal combustion engine.

Key words: emissions of hazardous substances; the exhaust gases; degree of purification; recycling; contaminating components.

 

 


 

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