, , . − 11 , (75,5 % ), (23,15 %), (1,286 %) (0,04 %). 0,1 . 50 +50 . ,
p . v .= R . T | (5.1) |
, | (5.2) |
pi − ;
v .. 1 ;
R .. = 287,1 /() .
, , . d , 1 ,
v . = d R T, | (5.3) |
− , ;
v . − , 3/ ..;
d − , , 1 ( );
R = 461,0 /() .
, .
(5.1) (5.3), , 1
v .= R . T | (5.4) |
= .. + − ( ) , ;
R . =R . +dR = 287,1+461,0 d − , /( ..).
: 0 ,
h c = cp . t | (5.5) |
, .. 1,00485 /( ..).
0 .
h = ros + cp , t = 2501+ cp , t | (5.6) |
ros = 2501 / - 0 ;
, , 1,93 /().
, , , (5.5) (5.6), d
.= h ..+ d h = c , . t + d (2501+1,93 t)= c ' ,. t +2501 d | (5.7) |
' ,.. = ,..+ d , , .
|
|
, () : , .
(5.1)-(5.7) , .
, , .
.
(d) , () (), , 1
. | (5.8) |
−
(5.9) |
d = 0,622 x. | (5.10) |
d x, (5.8)-(5.10), , , .
,
. | (5.11) |
d .
, ,
(5.12) |
ds
. | (5.13) |
, , .
. | (5.14) |
φ ( 0 100 %) ( 0 1). (5.12) (5.14)
. | (5.15) |
, 3 .
(/3)
, | (5.16) |
, ;
() , .
(5.7) (5.15), . H,d (. 5.1). (5.15) , . , .
d ( )/( ), H. , ( ). (..5.1), : t ( ); t τ ( ); t (, ); d ; φ ; H ; . d , t , . . H , (5.7), , .
|
|
. 5.1. H,d
:
( t= idem), 0 (, , );
( H =idem) , 45 H,d ( , 0 );
(d =idem);
( φ = idem), φ = 100 %;
, p = f(t,d).
φ = 100 % : , .
H,d .
ε / ξ.
. | (5.17) |
, ε Δ H ( ) Δ d. ε +∞ -∞.
ξ
(5.18) |
Δ H c ' Δ t, .
( ), ( H,d ). , ; , .
c ' (5.18) . c '
' = ,..+ , d , | (5.19) |
c. . c , , /();
d , ( / ..).
c. . c , , .
, () / () , . () η t, () η d ,
|
|
(5.20) | |
(5.21) |
t 1, t 2 d 1, d 2 ;
tf, df , , .
, . H,d. 1 1 1, 3 3 3 (.5.2). ( 4)
.5.2. ,
(5.22) | |
. | (5.23) |
(5.22) (5.23),
. | (5.24) |
, ( 1, d 1; 4, d 4 3, d 3). , 4, , , 1 3. 4 1-3 , .
, , , , (.5.2, 1-2). t . 2 '', 1 2 ' 2 '. , 2 ', . t ., , 1 2, 2 0, 1 - 2, 2. 1 - 2 Δd = d1-d20. H 1- H 20.