. - [1, 16]. , ; . , , . , , . , . , , , , . . , "" , , "" . -, , .
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. 100 , , , . . 50 %, , , [1, 4, 10, 16, 17]. , . , 80 % , (. 1).
|
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. 79
"" "" 134 , 20 . , (, ) ( , ).
20 ( "" ): " , " (12), " , " (4), " , " (13), " , " (89), " , " (84), " , " (13), " , , , " (11), " , , , " (11), " , " (83), " " (14), ", , " (14), " , , " (7), " , , " (12), " , , " (84), " , , " (19), " , " (15), " , , " (18), " - , " (11), " " (18), " , , - " (18).
. [1, 5, 16]. 73 : 43 N 57 (21 , 22 ), 19 N 130 (12 , 7 ) 11 N 17 (5 , 6 ), 14.9 .
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- , , , , , , , . . . , , N 57. - ; , , , , - . , -. . , , , , "". , , . .
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. 80
-, : , , , , .
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N 130 , , , , . , ; . : , " " , " ". , .
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, , : , , . -
|
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. 81
2.
n | Med | μ | Max | Min | |
N 57 | 22/21 | 21/30 | 25/33.5 | 64/68 | -12/2 |
N 130 | 7/12 | 27/28 | 29,1/25,5 | 54/50 | 2/-12 |
N 17 | 6/5 | 15/6 | 17,5/4 | 50/22 | 2/-14 |
-----
. - , - .
3. ρ . ()
, n = 14 | , n = 10 | , n = 24 | |
0.37 | 0.25 | 0.23 | |
-0.2 | 0.04 | -0.05 | |
-0.29 | -0.43 | -0.09 |
4.
0.72 | ||||||
0.73 | 0.4 | |||||
0.74 | 0.44 | 0.46 | ||||
0.7 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.42 | |||
0.62 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.42 | ||
0.66 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.49 |
-----
, n = 93:42 N 57, 19 N 130, 11 N 17, 21 . p < 0.01.
, , .
(. 2) [3 - 5, 18]. - - : H = 3.3 < 5.9 p < 0.05. , . .
, , - N 57 N 17. - , . : U = = 14.5 < 26 p < 0.01 - ; U = 52.5 > 36 - - , , , U = = 129.5 < 159 p < 0.05 - [18]. . , , -, (48 ), , , .
: . () [17] . 24 N 57, 14. 7 (. 3).
3 , . , ( , , "" ). , , - , - ; , . , . , , , ; . , : , .
( ) . (. 4) [1, 16].
3 , , MS Excel :
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. 82
5. ρ
N | ||||||||||
ρ | 0.12 | -0.32 | 0.44 | -0.31 | 0.11 | -0.32 | -0.16 | 0.37 | 0.15 | -0.44 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.11 | -0.31 | -0.35 | 0.12 | 0.29 | -0.28 | -0.3 | 0.37 | -0.38 | -0.15 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.39 | 0.38 | -0.35 | -0.21 | -0.52 | 0.16 | 0.35 | -0.45 | 0.24 | -0.38 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.31 | 0.31 | -0.1 | -0.13 | -0.25 | -0.17 | 0.55 | 0.27 | -0.37 | -0.25 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.4 | -0.27 | -0.38 | -0.26 | -0.21 | 0.35 | -0.15 | 0.24 | -0.08 | -0.41 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.17 | 0.06 | -0.17 | 0.04 | 0.18 | -0.17 | 0.25 | -0.26 | -0.37 | 0.2 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.34 | 0.41 | -0.15 | -0.12 | -0.23 | -0.07 | -0.34 | -0.35 | -0.14 | -0.14 |
N | ||||||||||
ρ | -0.54 | -0.26 | -0.32 | -0.09 | -0.45 | -0.41 | -0.4 | 0.25 | -0,44 | 0.16 |
---
, n = 97. , p < 0.05, p < 0.01.
( " " " ", "" / ).
- () α-, 0.8. , . , 447.6 > 128.8 k = 80, n = 94 p < 0.01. , .
(. 5) [1, 16].
; ρ , N 76, . N 76 . , , , . N 49 " , " : " , "; N 52 " : " " - , "; N 54 " , " - " , "; N 66 ", : , - " - ", : , - ". , .
. "" 96 . [1, 10, 16]. , , (. 6). , "" z- - - T - ( 4). ( -
. 83
6.
Med | μ | Max | Min | σ | |
19/25 | 21.4/25.4 | 62/66 | -28/-12 | 20.5/8.1 | |
4/5 | 3.6/4.6 | 12/12 | -8/-10 | 4.9/4.7 | |
2/6 | 3.4/4.4 | 14/12 | -6/-8 | 5.4/5.3 | |
5/5 | 4.8/4.8 | 17/17 | -9/-9 | 5.6/5.4 | |
3/3 | 2.3/3.0 | 11/11 | -91 - 1 | 5.1/4.3 | |
1/3 | 1.4/2.0 | 7/7 | -3/-5 | 3.1/2.3 | |
7/7 | 5.9/6.6 | 13/13 | -5/-5 | 4.5/4.3 |
-----
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. 84
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. 85
2.
___________________ _________________________________
3.
( ) :
= 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 9 + 14 + 15 + 18 + 22 + 26 + 27 + 29 + 32 + 37 + 38 + 46 + 48 + 49 + 52 + 55 + 57 + 60 + 62 + 74 + 78 + 80 - 1 - 4 - 6 - 7 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 16 - 17 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 23 - 24 - 25 - 28 - 30 - 31 - 33 - 34 - 35 - 36 - 39 - 40 - 41 - 42 - 43 - 44 - 45 - 47 - 50 - 51 - 53 - 54 - 56 - 58 - 59 - 61 - 63 - 64 - 65 - 66 - 67 - 68 - 69 - 70 - 71 - 72 - 73 - 75 - 76 - 77 - 79
= 2 + 5 - 7 - 11 + 15 - 17 + 22 - 33 - 39 - 47 - 59 - 65 - 71 - 77
= 3 + 9 + 18 - 24 - 28 - 35 - 40 - 44 + 48 - 53 - 61 - 67 - 73 - 79
= 8 - 1 - 12 - 16 - 20 - 23 - 30 - 34 - 43 - 50 + 52 + 55 + 60 - 66 - 69 - 72 + 78
= 29 - 6 - 13 - 25 - 19 - 36 - 41 - 45 - 54 - 56 + 62 - 68 + 74
= 26 - 31 + 37 + 49 + 57 - 63 - 75
= 14 - 10 - 4 - 21 + 27 + 32 - 42 + 38 + 46 - 51 - 58 - 64 - 70 - 76 + 80
. 86
4. , z- T -
-30 | -20 | -10 | ||||||||
z | -2.5 | -2.0 | -1.5 | 1.0 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.9 | |
T | 24.9 | 29.8 | 34.7 | 39.5 | 44.4 | 49.3 | 54.2 | 59.0 | 63.9 | 68.8 |
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -2.8 | -1.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | ||||
T | 22.0 | 32.3 | 42.6 | 52.9 | 63.1 | 73.4 | ||||
-10 | _5 | |||||||||
z | -2.5 | -1.5 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | ||||
T | 25.3 | 34.5 | 43.7 | 52.9 | 62.1 | 71.3 | ||||
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -2.6 | -1.8 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 | |||||
T | 23.5 | 32.4 | 41.4 | 50.3 | 59.3 | 68.3 | ||||
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -2.4 | -1.4 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | ||||
T | 26.1 | 35.8 | 45.5 | 55.3 | 65.0 | 74.7 | ||||
_5 | -2 | |||||||||
z | -2.0 | -1.1 | -0.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.8 | ||||
T | 29.2 | 39.0 | 45.5 | 61.7 | 68.2 | 78.0 | ||||
-5 | ||||||||||
z | -2.4 | -1.3 | -0.2 | 0.9 | 2.0 | |||||
T | 25.6 | 36.7 | 47.9 | 59.1 | 70.3 |
, z- T -
-30 | -20 | -10 | ||||||||
z | -3.0 | -2.4 | -1.9 | -1.4 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.9 |
T | 19.5 | 25.0 | 30.5 | 36.0 | 41.5 | 47.0 | 52.5 | 58.0 | 63.6 | 69.0 |
-10 | ||||||||||
z | -3.1 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 1.2 | 2.3 | |||||
T | 18.8 | 29.5 | 40.2 | 50.9 | 61.6 | 72.3 | ||||
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -2.7 | -1.8 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | ||||
T | 22.8 | 32.3 | 41.7 | 51.2 | 60.7 | 70.1 | ||||
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -2.7 | -1.8 | -0.9 | 1.0 | 2.0 | |||||
T | 22.5 | 31.8 | 41.1 | 50.4 | 59.7 | 70.1 | ||||
-10 | -5 | |||||||||
z | -3.0 | -1.8 | -0.7 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 2.7 | ||||
T | 20.0 | 31.4 | 43.0 | 54.5 | 66.0 | 77.6 | ||||
-5 | -2 | |||||||||
z | -2.9 | -1.7 | -0.8 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3.4 | ||||
T | 20.1 | 32.8 | 41.3 | 62.6 | 71.0 | 83.8 | ||||
-5 | ||||||||||
z | -2.7 | -1.5 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.9 | |||||
T | 23.2 | 34.8 | 46.4 | 58.0 | 69.5 |
. 87
1. . . ., 1982. . 1.
2. . ., - . . "" // . ., 2002. . 60 - 77.
3. ., . . ., 1976.
4. . ., . ., . . . ., 1995.
. 88
5. . . ., 1982.
6. . . - // . .: , 2001. . 2. . 75 - 82.
7. . . ., 1996.
8. . . ., 2002.
9. . . // . .: , 2000. . 1. . 14 - 20.
10. . ., . . . ., 1985.
11. - . . " ": // . . 2003. . 24. N 6. . 1 - 10.
12. - . ., . ., . ., . . . ., 2001.
13. - . . // XXI : . ., 2001. . 280.
14. - . . " " // . 2002. N 1. . 35 - 42.
15. - . ., . ., . . 140 . ., 2002.
16. / . . . , . . . ., 1987.
17. . . (). , 1991.
18. . . . ., 1996.
19. . . // . . ., 2001. . 226 - 254.
20. . . " ?" // . . ., 2001. . 212 - 225.
21. . . . . . : " " // . 1996. N 6. . 108 - 117.
22. . . ., 1989.